Ações para a prevenção e controle da resistência bacteriana em hospitais de grande porte de Minas Gerais

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Mariana Sanches de Melo
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; ENFERMAGEM - ESCOLA DE ENFERMAGEM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Infecção Hospitalar; Resistência bacteriana a antibióticos; Segurança do Paciente; Farmacorresistência Bacteriana
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/31014

Health Care Infections are adverse events that compromise patient safety. Approximately 70% of them are associated with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Even with recommendations for their prevention, rates of infection by resistant bacteria and their spread remain alarming and may be correlated with organizational context factors and non-adherence to the recommendations of the national and countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adoption, in the clinical practice of large hospitals in the State of Minas Gerais, of measures to prevent and control the spread of bacterial resistance. A cross-sectional study was carried out at large general hospitals in Minas Gerais from February 2018 to April 2019. The project was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (CAAE: 30782614.3.0000.5149). Participation of the institutions occurred voluntarily and after the consent of their legal guardian, interviews were conducted with managers, infection control coordinators, the patient safety nucleus, the hospitalization units and the intensive care units. Parallel to the interviews, hospital care units were observed regarding the adoption of measures for prevention and control of bacterial resistance by the multiprofessional team, comparing the institution's policy and organizational culture, in order to address the problem in clinical practice. 30 hospitals were eligible. It was observed the predominance of institutions in the central macro-region (43.3%, N = 13), non-accredited (63.3%, N = 19) and high-medium complexity level (60.0%, N = 18). Regarding the actions of prevention and control of bacterial resistance, 86.7% (N = 26) of the hospitals used surveillance cultures and 73.3% (N = 22) adopted measures of decolonization; 93.3% (N = 28) reported establishing contact precaution for patients with resistant bacteria and 60.0% (N = 18) identified such beds; 56.7% (N = 17) kept the patient in isolation and 30.0% (N = 09) individualized the articles adopted for care. Concerning the orientation of antibiotics, 93.3% (N = 28) had protocols for prophylactics and 86.7% (N = 26) performed audits; 86.7% (N = 26) for therapeutic and 83.3% (N = 25) performed audits. It was evidenced that in 58.3% (N = 35) of the nursing, soap and alcohol stations were side by side in the sinks and that 96.7% (N = 58) of the health professionals of the units did not have gel alcohol in pocket pockets. The verification of the behavior of the institutions against the restraint of resistance occurred through a score that evaluated the hospital for the existence of protocols and audit of antibiotics, knowledge of the five moments of hand hygiene, identification of standard and contact precautions, which led to the classification of 83.3% (N = 25) of the hospitals as partial adherence, 13.3% (N = 04) deficient and 3.4% (N = 01) did not adopt measures of prevention of bacterial resistance, demonstrating that the measures are not adopted integrally in clinical practice.