Cadeias de spin fora do equilíbrio: efeito cone de luz e retificação de correntes de spin e energia

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Alberto Luiz de Paula Júnior
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: retificação; Cadeias quânticas de spin; não-equilíbrio; sistemas quânticos abertos; Sistemas quânticos; Ising, Modelo de; Campo magnetico; Dinamica de spins; Sistemas em não-equilíbrio
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SMRA-BBJHT4

The focus of this thesis is to investigate non equilibrium properties of a spin 1/2 chain considered as a closed or an open quantum system. In the first case, the non equilibrium situation is generated by means of a quench (sudden change of the hamiltonian); in the second case, we connect unbalanced magnetic reservoirs at the chain edges. In this thesis, we present two works in the context of closed systems and another one in the case of open systems. To describe the dynamics we use the time-dependent extension of Density MatrixRenormalization Group (DMRG) technique. In the first work, we investigate the non equilibrium dynamics generated by a local quenchin a spin system described by the XXZ Heisenberg model. More specifically, the quench involves connecting two chains, one that is prepared in the ferromagnetic phase and another that is in the paramagnetic phase. After the quench, we observe effective light cones inthe maps of the on-site magnetization and the entanglement entropy as a function of site and time, when these quantities are calculated in the chain that had no magnetic order.We show that these light cones are associated with two kinds of excitation characteristic of the XXZ model, more specifically spinons and bound states. Furthermore, we see that, for long times, the system approaches the equilibrium state of the connected chains. systemwill go to the equilibrium state at infinity time.In the second work, we analyze shielding properties that appear in the transverse Ising model. If the site i=L of the chain has null field and the global state is a Gibbs state, the reduced state of the chain in the right side of the i=L site is shown to have no dependence on the parameters of the left chain. We refer to this effect as a shielding property. Wealso study the chain dynamics after a local quench that changes the magnetic field in the first site. We observe a light cone in the on-site magnetization, however the magnetization pulse is reflected by the site with null field.Finally, in the third work, we connect two magnetic reservoirs at the ends of the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain and calculate the spin and energy currents in the non equilibrium steady state (NESS). We investigate if it is possible to control and manipulate such currents and their respective rectifications by the application of an external magnetic field. Forthat, we introduce a graded asymmetry (gradual change of the parameters) in the field and in the anisotropy parameter of the model. For appropriate choice of the field, we observe that it is possible to force the energy and the spin currents to propagate in opposite directions. This means that we invert not only the currents but also their rectificationsthrough external mechanisms.