Estudo de viabilidade do programa nacional de energia nuclear em relação às termelétricas fósseis dentro do sistema termelétrico brasileiro

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Flávia Campos Kneipp
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; ENG - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA NUCLEAR; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Técnicas Nucleares; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Energia nuclear; Matriz elétrica brasileira; Small modular reactors; Fontes tradicionais; Engenharia nuclear; Energia termelétrica
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/39372

Nuclear energy is considered a “clean” energy due to its low emission of greenhouse gases. In addition, new reactors for generating energy have been tested in several countries, which can reduce the cost of this technology and make it more competitive compared to other sources. Nuclear power plants are used at the base of the operation due to the high capacity factor and non-seasonality of the source, which offers greater reliability and robustness to the country's electrical system. Currently, Brazil has two nuclear power plants in operation (Angra 1 and Angra 2), and a third one under construction (Angra 3). Even so, nuclear technology has a low representation in the Brazilian electrical matrix. This study aims to evaluate and compare thermoelectric technologies for the expansion of the National Interconnected System considering economic and environmental aspects. As a modeling tool, MESSAGE (Model for Energy Supply System Alternatives and their General Environmental Impacts) made available by the International Atomic Energy Agency was used in this study. This study showed that Small Modular Reactors (SMR's) are quite competitive in relation to traditional fossil and nuclear thermoelectric plants. In addition, such reactors provide greater ease of deployment due to lower investment costs and shorter construction time, and can also be used in a decentralized manner, close to consumers reducing transmission losses.