Percepção e insatisfação da imagem corporal entre escolares da rede municipal de ensino: associação com fatores sociodemográficos, estado nutricional e consumo alimentar

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Ana Luiza Rodrigues Pellegrinelli
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Estado nutricional; Antropometria; Consumo alimentar; Imagem corporal; Criança; Hábitos alimentares; Consumo de alimentos; Imagem corporal em crianças; Imagem corporal/psicologia
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-ACEMK9

Introduction: Body image is a multifaceted concept that encompasses the representation of the own body and the feelings generated in relation to its size, shape and parts. When there is a negative feeling related to body self-perception, it is entitled as body dissatisfaction. Objective: Characterize the dissatisfaction of body image among students of municipal schools, as well as its association with sociodemographic factors, nutritional status and food intake. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of students in the 4th year of public schools in Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Questionnaire about habit and food consumption, anthropometry and body perception (aid Silhouettes Scale) was applied. Sex and date of birth were collect from the school documentation and Health Vulnerability Index was categorized according to the school address. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and Multinomial Logistic Regression were performed (p<0.05). Results: The sample included 1410 students, 50.8% male, with a median of 9.6 (8.5 to 13.8) years old. Overweight and obesity were found in 15.7 and 4.9% of participants, respectively. Dissatisfaction with own body was find in 54.1%, being 66.4% for overweight. This dissatisfaction (for overweight) was higher among children with overweight and obesity (OR=3.65; 95%CI 2.47-5.39; OR=11.81; 95%CI 6.20-22.49, respectively, compared to eutrophic) and among those with insufficient carbohydrate intake (OR=2.10; 95%CI 1.31-3.37) compared to those with adequate intake of these macronutrient. In contrast, dissatisfaction for being overweight was lower among children with insufficient energy intake, excessive intake of carbohydrates and protein compared to those who consumed properly and between the lean compared to normal weight. Still, the dissatisfaction for malnutrition was higher among boys (OR=1.45; 95%CI 1.04-2.02 over girls) and those with excessive energy consumption (OR=1.81; 95%CI 1.05-3.13 compared to with adequate intake) and lean (OR=4.90; 95%CI 3.19-7.57 compared to eutrophic). In contrast, was found lower chance of body dissatisfaction for thinness among children with overweight or obese, compared to eutrophic. Conclusion: The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction, especially for overweight, was higher among students and influenced by nutritional status, food intake, and sex. These data indicate the need to perform interventions, based on nutrition education in order to adequate energy and macronutrients consumption and nutritional status for both sexes, especially at school, to encourage healthy lifestyles and prevent the development of physical and mental disorders.