Avaliação do programa volume mínimo vital de água gratuito na Colômbia: os casos de Bogotá e de Medellín

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Laura Marcela Vargas Lopez
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Volume essencial gratuito; Água; Acessibilidade financeira; Tarifa; Esgotamento sanitário; Esgotos; Engenharia sanitária; Serviços de água Tarifas; Agua; Saneamento
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/RAOA-BBBK4E

Access to water and sanitation were recognized as human rights by the United Nations General Assembly. Consequently, States have the obligation to prioritize actions and resources for their realization. Thus, recognition as a human right, besides demanding universal access to water and sanitation must guarantee access to sufficient, safe, acceptable, accessible and reasonably priced water for domestic uses. Human rights are not always guaranteed due to the inability to pay by some low-income population groups. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of a program that provides a free volume of essential lifeline water in low-income families. The cases being studied corresponds to the programs implemented by the local governments of the cities of Bogotá and Medellín in Colombia. The determinants of the implementation of these programs in the two cities and their particularities were investigated. The role of social movements and collective action, and disconnection from users' inability to pay, were determinants of program implementation, among others. Subsequently, the impacts on the consumption of the beneficiary population were evaluated. In addition, the progressivity of the measure against the inequality in the financial access to the services of water and sanitary sewage were estimated. The assessment was based on secondary data from service providers and other entities involved, and it was performed by quantitative methods of cross-sectional data analysis in two periods, before and after the implementation of the programs. In both cases, when there were increases in the consumption of the beneficiaries, the program contributed to this behavior. However, the increases were not considered high and not all cases significant. On the other hand, before the intervention, in both Bogotá and Medellín, the analysis of the progressivity of payments for services indicated regressivity. After the intervention, in the case of Bogotá, the analysis showed regressivity and, in Medellín, progressivity. Nevertheless, in Bogotá, the program had a positive effect, reducing the magnitude of regressivity. Therefore, the program improved the condition of equity among the groups analyzed in the two cities