Acidentes de trânsito em Belo Horizonte

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Lucia Maria Miana Mattos Paix?o
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Acidentes de trânsito; Regressão de Poisson; Hospitalização; Mortalidade; Sistemas de informação; Relacionamento de dados; Fontes de dados; Saúde pública; Distribuição de poisson
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9UHKJC

Traffic accidents (TA) are important global public health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality, due to increasing number of vehicles, precariousness of urban space, changes in lifestyles and vulnerability of certain groups of users via. The study analyze the contribution of different sources of information in the description of traffic accidents and its victims, and identifies at-risk population sub-groups among users of urban roads in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, based on the merging of traffic information system (BH10) and Mortality Information System (SIM).In the first article, the completeness and the contribution from three different sources in describing traffic accidents in the city were analyzed. Incomplete data in the three sources was observed, especially the alcohol consumption by drivers and safety equipment use. In addition to the high mortality rate (19.4 per 100.000 inhabitants), an increase in the number of non-fatal accidents was observed. It was reflected in 22% more hospital admissions and 53% increase in hospital costs. The motorcycle accident rate is higher than expected given the fleet composition. Male drivers have the highest risk of injury (OR: 1,66 IC95%:1,59-1,73) or death (OR:3,25 IC95%:1,87-5,67); relative to drivers, passengers or pedestrians have a higher risk of death (OR: 1,81, IC95%: 1,58-2,08), the elderly being the most vulnerable. There was 12% increase in the number of deaths at the site of the accident, 55% of which showed positive evidence of alcohol use and 50% higher risk of fatal accidents on weekends. Despite some incomplete record keeping and non-specific death registry codes, it was possible to characterize the main factors associated with accidents: elderly pedestrian, motorcycle rider, alcohol consumption and speeding. The analysis of the three sources showed their complementarity and revealed important features of the traffic accident event-chain and victim profile, providing key data for the development of mitigation strategies. The second study compares the profile of deaths by traffic accident in Belo Horizonte, between two public databases, Traffic Information System (BH10) and the Mortality Information System (SIM) with integrated database based on the merging of these sources (BH-SIM). Characterization of fatalities was by an analysis of the merged dataset. The frequency distributions of the original pews were compared with the frequency distribution of the merged database by the chi-square test. Mortality rates were estimated for residents in Belo Horizonte and performed multivariate Poisson regression for deaths occurring in the city. The merged dataset (n=306) has an under-reporting rate of 24%. It is statistically different from the BH10 with respect to age distribution and from the SIM with respect to road-user type. The mortality rate of urban area residents was 10.02 per 100,000 inhabitants, being highest among men, elderly and young individuals. Relative to the reference group, multivariate Poisson regression showed increased expected mean deaths among motorcycle riders (Ratio Rate RR:1.81), pedestrians (RR:1.32) men (RR:1.24), never married/separated (RR:1.27), young people aged between 18 and 29 years (RR:1.75), the elderly (RR:1.59) and death at accident site (RR:1.39). The study also provides a window into the toll of traffic accidents, as evidenced by the fact that most deaths take place either at the location of the accident or within 24 hours. It also confirms the importance of merging data from multiple databases in describing the characteristics of deaths by traffic accidents and in identifying at-risk population sub-groups in urban environment. The planning of transit and health should be organized to meet the contemporary demands of the population in the area of mobility and transportation, ensuring the quality of life and protection, especially for pedestrians, non-motorized transport users and motorcyclists. A transit without violence is an expression of citizenship, translated by the social responsibility of everyone involved - users, automobile industries, transportation companies, especially the organizers of urban transport and the public sector in building safe environments. Strengthened civil society must act convinced that traffic accidents are not merely inevitable and that effective interventions should be implemented to curb the victimization of citizens exercising the basic right to come and go.