Condições de trabalho, emprego precário e saúde dos motoristas e cobradores do Transporte Coletivo Urbano em Minas Gerais

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Mariana Roberta Lopes Simoes
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Musculoesquelética; Dor; Saúde do Trabalhador; Trabalho Precário; Transportes; Condições de Trabalho; Condições de trabalho; Medicina; Saúde do trabalhador; Dor musculoesquelética; Riscos ocupacionais
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-AP2Q2X

Evidences indicate that the different exposure to working conditions explains, in parts, the health iniquities in population. Both the nature and specific working conditions, and the forms of employment influence health through the unequal exposure to the occupational and psychosocial risks. In the sector of public bus transportation, theroutine of drivers and fare collectors is characterized by the exposure to inadequate working conditions. They refer to the operational processes, the organizational models, and the working relations, which have been associated to lifestyle habits that are harmful to health, and to the prevalence of morbidities among workers in the sector. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the relations between the working conditions and employment, and the health conditions of drivers and fare collectors in the urban public transportation in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH). The study is transversal, descriptive, and analytical. Were considered as eligible drivers and fare collectors of MRBH, a universe of 17.470 workers in the time of data collection in thecities of Belo Horizonte, Contagem, and Betim. For the sample calculation, it was considered the prevalence of 50%, sampling error of 4%, and confidence interval of 95%. Based on these criteria, an estimate sample of 1.126 workers was obtained. In the realization of the study, 1.607 workers were investigated, a real sample 43% higher thanestimated. A pilot study was conducted (n=30) in order to test the appropriateness of the procedures and instruments. The reliability of the responses was measured by reapplying the questions to the participants. For the outcome of musculoskeletal pain were considered the affirmative answer to the direct question about pain in the neck,shoulders, arms, and hands, as well as the frequency of pain. As for precarious employment, the multidimensional referential of this construct was considered in order to support the methodological processes. Nine variables (proxys) were elaborated in order to build a score of precariousness (from 0 to 9). The score was grouped in quartiles, from the first (less precarious) to the fourth (most precarious). Wereconsidered prevalence of negative sefl-evaluation on health, medical diagnosis of depression and sleep disorders, common mental disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and absenteeism of diseases. Poisson regression was used in adjusted models in both analysis (musculoskeletal disorder and precarious employment) to investigate theassociations. In the group studied the majority was male, with less than 40 years old and medium level of schooling. It was verified the association of the occupational factors with cervical pain, related or not to pain in other segments. The prevalence found was of 16.3% for neck pain. For shoulders, arms, and hands, the prevalence was of 15.4%,13.3%, and 6.3%, respectively. The factors associated to musculoskeletal pain were female, self-reported incapacity, perceived threat, elevated or intolerable noise, and adoption of uncomfortable posture. Situations that suggest precarious employment associated to a worse health condition were evidenced among the sample. The prevalence of the health issues investigated, with the exception of negative selfevaluation on health, were significantly higher in the fourth quartile of precariousness when compared to the first one. The results indicated clues for the elaboration of programs to promote the health of these workers as way of strengthening bus drivers and fare collectors, and improve the quality of transportation services provided in MRBH. Further studies are needed in order to deepen the knowledge on the methodological aspects aiming at gathering evidence for the changes related to the effects of the characteristics of the jog and employment on the health of the individuals.