Adaptação parental à situação de internação do filho na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Thaizy Valânia Lopes Silveira
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; ENFERMAGEM - ESCOLA DE ENFERMAGEM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Nascimento Prematuro; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; Relações Familiares; Hospitalização
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/31020

Introduction: Considering the maintenance of the number of preterm births and the increase in the expectation of survival of increasingly preterm infants, it is presumed that families will continue to deal with the situation of having their newborn (NB) hospitalized in the Units of Neonatal Intensive Therapy (NICU). This event is considered a crisis, it triggers in the family an adaptation process, which is shaped by the interaction of several factors that will determine the successful adaptation or not of the family in the face of this situation. Objective: To understand the process of family adaptation of parents and mothers of preterm newborns assisted in the NICU in the initial period of hospitalization, through their vulnerabilities, appreciation of the stressor event, coping and problem solving capacity and social support. Methodology: This is a qualitative, exploratory approach, guided by the model of resilience, stress, adjustment and family adaptation of McCubbin and McCubbin (1993). The study scenario was a NICU in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Participants were 5 parents and 15 mothers of premature newborns admitted to a NICU. Data collection took place through a semi-structured interview and the construction of the genogram and ecomap. Data analysis was performed by direct content analysis, using the software MAXQDA ©, version 2018.1. Four categories of analysis were constructed, based on the theoretical reference: (1) appreciation about the situation of having a premature child admitted to the NICU; (2) family vulnerabilities; (3) ability to solve problems and coping; (4) social support. The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) under the opinion of No. 3,021,809. Results: The parents' appreciation of the stressful event was marked by the experience of feelings that may interfere in the way the family deals with the hospitalization of the premature infant. The existence of vulnerabilities, such as unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and unemployment, psychological factors, the existence of other children who demand care, and being a teenage mother presented themselves as contributing to the increase in tension in the family structure. The main coping strategies adopted by the participants of this study were: religion and spirituality; the proximity to the child and the involvement in the care; improvement in the clinical state of the child; changes in routine. The social support to the family of the neonate coming from family members, health professionals, institution, other mothers and fathers who are in the same situation and friends was fundamental to face the situation. Differences were observed regarding the gender of the participants in the assessment of the stressor event and in the coping strategies used. Conclusion: the participants used, in most cases, strategies that led to a good family adaptation. It is important to establish the care relationship between family and care team, in order to promote the autonomy of parents for the care of their children in the NICU. This contributes to their confidence in parental role performance. It enables the team to base actions in order to facilitate the adaptation of the families that experience this situation.