Avaliação de MP10 na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Igor Felipe Silva Moura
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: poluição do ar; MP10; método k0-padronizado; análise por ativação neutrônica; análise multivariada; Tecnologia nuclear
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-A9EEKR

The urban evolution and the industrial development have caused changes in the environment and increased the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. The lack of control of the emissions represents health risks. In urban areas, the vehicle source is considered the main cause of air pollution. Particulate matter in the air, PM10 is responsible for the concern with respiratory problems when they achieve the respiratory system, and penetrate deeply in the lungs causing damage that is only noticeable on long-term exposure. Related to Belo Horizonte city and metropolitan region, MRBH, it is evident that the vehicle, industrial and mining emissions influence the air quality. However, there are few data about the monitoring of the air quality concerning the particulate matter. In this study, several samplings of PM10 were carried out using a semi-automatic high volume sampler at locations that reflect the quality of the air in the metropolitan area. The sampling places were selected based on the proximity of intense vehicular flow, industrial emissions and high population concentration. A specific place, a condominium, was chosen by other criteria such as low population concentration, far from intense vehicular flow and industrial emissions and close to areas of environmental preservation. Compared to the sampling places, the PM10 value in Belo Horizonte showed higher concentration in the sample period. This means that the city is exposed to greater amount of PM10, than the other places, like Contagem, Matozinhos and Brumadinho municipalities. According to the classification of CONAMA the air quality in Belo Horizonte during the sampling period is classified as regular air quality. The air quality in the condominium in Brumadinho was considered good. The elemental composition of the particles in air filters was determined by the nuclear technique of neutron activation, k0-standardized method. The assessment of quality of the analytical method was performed by applying the test "En-number" recommended by ISO 13528: 2005. The certified reference sample BCR 176, "City Incineration Ash," was analysed. It was prepared with identical geometry to the sample. The results showed the excellent performance of the method, which was applied in a new methodology, because the samples were analysed in a cylindrical shape, which is not usual in neutron activation. Concerning the chemical composition of PM10, the minimum and maximum values of elemental concentration were determined. It was observed that in Belo Horizonte, CDTN showed the highest percentage both in higher values of elemental concentration, 86.7%, and lower values, 70.0%. In the metropolitan area, the condominium in Brumadinho presented the percentage of 68.9% for the lowest values and the in a school in Matozinhos, 66.7% for the highest results. To check possible sources of pollutants and their contributions in the presence of particulate matter, it was applied the statistical technique of multivariate analysis using factor analysis and the method of the main components. The results of this study suggest a significant influence of emission sources in the MRBH. Even in the condominium in Brumadinho, area considered with better air quality, it is under the influence of mining activities. The values of PM10 confirm the performance of the main emission sources such as vehicular and industrial, highlighting the influence of mining on the air quality.