Tratamento de efluentes da produção de biodiesel pela combinação de processos biológicos e oxidativos avançados

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Luciano de Oliveira Goncalves
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos; Saneamento; Meio ambiente; Engenharia sanitária; Biodiesel
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-A3FF35

This work aims to evaluate the treatment of wastewater originated from the biodiesel production process by combining biological processes with advanced oxidation processes. Most of recently developed works regarding this subject study biodiesel production, while only a few and incipient works deal with the treatment of real wastewater from biodiesel production. The wastewater used in the study was collected in a biodiesel refinery directly from the wastewater treatment plant, after the acidification and free oil separation processes. Wastewater characterization was conducted with raw wastewater which contains high organic material (> 1.000 mg L-1, and TOC > 3.500 mg.L-1 of COD), high concentrations of oil and grease and anions (chlorides and sulfates). Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability tests were carried out indicating a biodegradable effluent by both processes. This study was performed in a bench scale reactor using conventional activated sludge in both fixed and moving bed systems for the biological treatment of biodiesel wastewater, using a flow rate of 1 L.h-1. Biodiesel wastewater post-treatment was evaluated for the reagents of Fenton and photo-Fenton/UV, aiming to optimize experimental conditions for reported cases. Coagulation studies using iron III, peroxidation/UV and photolysis were also performed after the biological treatment alone in order to verify the efficiency correspondent to each process. A characterization of the treated wastewater was performed after all of the applied combined processes and satisfactory results were obtained. Proposed biological treatment reached 67% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and an efficiency of 69% removal of COD when operated as moving bed. The same system using extended aeration achieved 58% removal of total organic carbon (TOC), while 70% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal was reached for the moving bed biological treatment system. Tests applying Fenton achieved 90% COD removal and 72% TOC removal, while photo-Fenton tests reached 84% COD removal and 56% TOC removal. The combined processes showed an overall efficiency of 97% for COD removal and 89% for TOC removal, being suitable for the treatment of biodiesel wastewater.