Análise técnico-econômica de filtro anaeróbio utilizado para o tratamento de efluentes líquidos de indústria de laticínios: estudo de caso

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Andre Luiz Gomes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: efluentes industriais; efluentes de laticínios; tratamento de efluentes; Filtro anaeróbio; Meio ambiente; Resíduos industriais Aspectos ambientais; Digestão anaeróbica; Recursos hídricos Desenvolvimento; Águas residuais Purificação Filtração; Engenharia sanitária; Saneamento
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ENGD-6UYNFJ

The dairy activity is one of the most important industries in Brazil, both economically and socially. Problems, mostly connected with environment protection also arise before the characteristics of the sector, for the dairy industry produces a fair amount of effluents with high organic load. There are, for instance, around 1,250 fully accredited dairy industries in theState of Minas Gerais alone with their waste being discharged into river basins without any form of effluent treatment whatsoever. As a means of treatment for the raw effluent produced by the activity, the option of using only one anaerobic phase capable of reducing the organic matter concentrations to levels accepted by the legislation requires a greater understanding of the anaerobic filter operation. The present work addresses the performance appraisal of an anaerobic filter used, on a real scale, to treat the effluents form a medium size dairy industry. Its main focus is on the analysis of the influence of the height of the packing material layer on the verified performance of each vertical compartment of the filter, as well as the comparative of costs of implantation and operation with the system of activated sludge. The flow diagram of thetreatment system incorporates units of static sieving, neutralization and equalization of flow rate and floatation, besides the anaerobic filter, aim of this study. The filter possesses a net total volume of 997 m³ with the packing material (blast furnace slag) occupying a volume of 862 m³. After 12 months of continuous monitoring, it was verified that the concentrations and removal efficiencies of filtered COD did not substantially change from the packing material height of 0.60 m, corresponding to the following operational parameters of the anaerobic filter: HRT = 76h and OLR= 0.63kg COD/m³. The concentrations of volatile VFAs inside the filter were very low during the whole operational period, indicating their rapid conversion into methane gas. In all, the treatment system showed a good performance, as the overall efficiency of COD removal very satisfactorily met the in current legislation in the State of Minas Gerais.