Filogeografia de Bokermannohyla saxicola (Bokermann, 1964), anuro endêmico da Cadeia do Espinhaço

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Augusto Cesar Alves do Nascimento
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Genética
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-972GWN

Bokermannohyla saxicola is an endemic anuran species to the portion of the Espinhaço Range located at Minas Gerais State, in easthern Brazil. It is found in the areas above 1000m in the habitat known as Campos Rupestres. These regions present rocky outcrops with shallow soils and open vegetation comprised of grass and shrubby species. The habitat is composed of a series of units separated by lowlands that present distinct climate, soil and species composition. Nevertheless, in the southern part of the distribution there is a relatively continuous region ranging from Serra do Cipó to Serra do Ferreira. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogeoghraphical patterns in the species throughout its distribution, and test ecological and historic hypothesis. We sequenced 1001 bp from the mitochondrial genome belonging to the Cytb(505 bp) and COI(496 bp) genes. We conducted phylogenetic analysis, constructed haplotype networks, evaluated population structure using ST, tested isolation by distance using Mantel tests, compared the genetic diversity between the continuous and marginal areas and evaluated the demographic dynamics along the species range. We found four main lineages in the species. These are separated by millions of years and present strong geographical correlation, being each of them restricted to distinct units separated by areas below 1000 m. The southernmost clade presented the largest distribution area and comprised most of the sample sites. In this region, the core areas present significantly greater diversity than the marginal areas. This continuous area also showed higher values of the correlation between genetic and geographic distances than the analysis of the full region. The tests for population expansion did not present significant results for most of the populations.