Migração e pendularidade na região metropolitana de Curitiba entre 2000 e 2010: complementaridade ou substituição?

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Crislaine Colla
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; FACE - FACULDADE DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Demografia; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Migração; Pendularidade; Estrutura urbana; Mercado de trabalho
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/30112

The process of urbanization and metropolization, intensified by industrialization, generate transformations in the urban space that substantially affect the population distribution and its mobility. One of the consequences and part of the processes that explain these transformations are the substantial emigrations from the central city towards the surrounding area in the metropolitan regions and the commuting toward the central city. Assuming the existence of a relationship between the two types of movement, this thesis seeks to identify and analyze the relationship between migration and commuting in the Curitiba Metropolitan Region between the years of 2000 and 2010. The goal is to observe if this interaction indicates the existence of complementarity or substitution effects and how the characteristics of the labor market and urban structure influence this relationship. The understanding of this relationship also involves the analysis of the intensity of the flows and the individual, family and sociodemographic characteristics of the migrants and commuters, as well as the motivations that condition the commuting and its main determinants. To achieve these purposes, initially it was elaborated a profile of migrants and commuters and a characterization of the flows within the Curitiba Metropolitan Region (CMR) through the censuses of 2000 and 2010. In order to understand the extent to which the urban structure and the labor market influence the relationship between migration and commuting as well as determining whether there is a complementarity or substitution relationship between the flows, secondary data from censuses and other sources of employment, housing, transport were used. A Probit model with Heckman selection was used to empirically analyze the commuting conditioners and also their relationship with the migration, using demographic census data. To deepen and better characterize this relationship in the CMR and enable the capture of motivations and other subjective aspects through a qualitative and quantitative analysis, a survey was applied. In the survey, 216 structured questionnaires were used with commuters from the CMR, between February 23 and March 6 of 2018, obtained through a stratified probabilistic sample. The results show that the migration from the central city to the surrounding area is much more significant and the commuting of the surrounding area to the central city presents a higher intensity and increased considerably between the two periods analyzed. Differences between commuters and migrant profiles can be observed, by type of flow. The migrants from the central city to the surrounding area present lower levels of education, lower income, among other differences, when compared with the migrants from the surrounding are to the central city. The profile of the commuters also presents differences between the types of flows, such as the commuters that live in the surroundings area and work in the central city, have lower levels of education, lower income, occupy less complex jobs of the sectors of commerce and services than those that commute from the central city to the surrounding area. When analyzing the labor market of the Curitiba Metropolitan Region, it is verified that the jobs and the productive structure of the surrounding municipalities do not explain the migration that occurs more intensely from the central city to the surrounding area. In addition, the characterization of structural factors indicates that the surrounding area presents worse housing and structural conditions, but receives a larger number of intrametropolitan migrants, indicating urban segregation and the choice of places where there is a lower housing cost. The relationship between migration and commuting is also observed by the analysis of secondary data, and there is a significant complementarity between migration and commuting, especially among those migrating from the central city to the surrounding area, which become commuters from the surroundinga area to the central city. Therefore, it is understood that the relationship between migration and commuting is especially determined by the urban structure and to a lesser degree by the labor market. The Probit model reinforces the conclusion that there is a complementarity relationship between the types of intrametropolitan mobility and shows the importance of structural, individual and family factors for the determination of commuting. Finally, the survey confirms the relevance of structural factors and also presents a detailed profile of the mobility history and sociodemographic characteristics of commuters in the Curitiba Metropolitan Region. In this way, the thesis contributes to theoretical advances, seeking to highlight the way to understand mobility, such as substitution or complementarity, as well as the use of primary data to explain its determinants.