Tecnologias de geoinformação no planejamento territorial: novas formas de produção, compartilhamento e uso de dados espaciais

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Christian Rezende Freitas
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; ARQ - ESCOLA DE ARQUITETURA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: IDE; Banco de Dados; ETL; Geodesign; Webmap; WebGIS; Planejamento urbano; Infraestrutura de dados espaciais; Banco de dados; Sistemas de informação geográfica - Processamento de dados; Geoprocessamento; Mapeamento digital
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/40989; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4197-2725

The significant advancement in information technologies, and more specifically in geoinformation, has transformed the way of planning the territory, into urban or environmental representations, requiring investments and investigations in methodological processes. The new needs are dynamic, on demand, and there is no more space for static maps, as the realities and uses are constantly changing. The major weaknesses in the territorial planning process are still linked to the availability of updated information, agility in the production of data, and the participation of multiple actors, with a clear definition of the responsibilities and processes necessary to achieve the objectives. In this context, with regard to data production, the potential of using a database and ETL tools (extract, transform and load) to replace desktop mechanisms limited to pre-existing applications is discussed, opening up the potential for creating logic of thought and employing tools that consider interoperability and database principles in the optimization of processes. Regarding the distribution of information, the potential for consumption through SDI (Spatial Data Infrastructures) as a new form of governance and standardization of spatial data, which elevates them from data to information. With regard to the involvement of different actors, tools based on PSS (Planning Support System) and its geospatial version, Geodesign, are fundamental in the effort to face these challenges. Based on the three main objectives - new ways of producing data, distributing information and supporting the construction of opinions and decision making - the thesis develops through examples illustrated in case studies, which support the discussion of the hypotheses launched, with no expectation of exhausting the arguments, but with the expectation of alerting and elucidating about the new perspectives that arise for the planner. As a contribution, there is the statement that we are experiencing a new phase in the consumption of geoinformation technology, which has the potential to change the way the planner works. Authorial methodological scripts are presented to contribute in this sense, in the form of case studies. The case studies are developed in the form of a crescent, first exemplifying how new data production resources can be used, through ETL scripts that are independent of traditional desktop software and are more open to the proposition of logic by the user (and an algorithm is presented) optimization of great handling and data production, an algorithm that favors the application of a spatial analysis formula and, finally, the polygon similarity evaluation algorithm). Then the case studies exemplify the role of new forms of distribution of geographical information and demonstrate, increasingly, the expansion of resources from webmap to webgis, testing different platforms. Finally, the case studies demonstrate the incorporation of the previous concepts, demonstrating the new form of consumption of geographic information since the advent of SDI, which associated with the conditions of WebGis and Geodesign are presented as support for co-creation and geo-collaboration in territorial planning. The work is based initially on bibliographic reviews of the main terms, mainly with the intention of going to the heart of what would be the expectations of a Geodesign to, from this review, carry out an exploratory study through examples that illustrate the construction of a new form of production, sharing and use of spatial data.