Impacto da má oclusão e do tratamento ortodôntico na qualidade de vida de adolescentes

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Lucas Guimaraes Abreu
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ortodontia; Cuidadores; Qualidade de vida; Má oclusão; Adolescente; Pais; Família; Adolescentes; Maloclusão
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ODON-A48NUC

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on the quality of life of adolescents and their families. The study has been presented in three sections. Firstly, the preliminary considerations, in which the definitions of quality of life and oral health related quality of life have been described. Two articles to be submitted to scientific journals have been presented in the second section. The first article aimed to assess parents/caregivers perceptions of the impact of malocclusion on adolescents' qualityof life. This cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 280 parents/caregivers of 11 and 12-year-old adolescents who answered the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ). The main independent variable in this study was adolescents' malocclusion which was diagnosed through the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Adolescents' age and gender, as well as family monthly income, were considered to be confounding variables. Statistical analysis involved descriptivestatistics, bivariate analyses, and Poisson regression. The severity of adolescents' malocclusion was significantly associated with the perceptions of parents/caregivers of the adolescents' quality of life on the oral symptoms (P<0.05), functional limitations (P<0.001), emotional well-being (P<0.001), and social well-being (P<0.001) subscale scores as well as on the overall P-CPQ score (P<0.001). The greater the severity of adolescents' malocclusion, the higher the negative impact on the perceptions of parents/caregivers regarding adolescents' quality of life. The aim of the second article was to assess the agreement between adolescents and their parents/caregivers regarding adolescents' quality of life during orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 104 adolescent-parent/caregivers pairs. Adolescents answered the short-form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) and parents/caregivers answered the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaires (P-CPQ). Both questionnaires present an overall score and scores across four quality of life subscales: oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being. Agreement on the overall score and the subscales was determined using comparison and correlation analysis. The former was performed through comparison of the mean directional and absolute differences. The latter was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results showed that the mean directional difference was significant for the oral symptoms subscale (P=0.012). However, it was not significant for the functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social wellbeing subscales as well as for the overall score (P>0.05). The ICC values ranged from 0.52 to 0.59 for the four quality of life subscales, denoting moderate agreement. For the overall scale, the ICC was 0.66 which is indicative of substantial agreement. Thus, there was an agreement between adolescents and their parents/caregivers in rating adolescents' quality of life during orthodontic treatment. The presentation of the final considerations has been described in the third section. In this section, a review of the association between orthodontic outcomes and quality of life has been provided. The statements presented in this review have been supported by several bibliographic references, including those published, by our research group, in orthodontic and pediatric dentistry journals.