Prevalência, padrões e fatores associados à contracepção no Brasil e meta-análise da descontinuidade contraceptiva no cenário mundial.

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Fernanda Gontijo Araújo
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; ENF - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENFERMAGEM MATERNO INFANTIL E SAÚDE PÚBLICA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Contracepção; Planejamento familiar; Paridade; Iniquidades em Saúde; Descontinuidade contraceptiva; Estudos epidemiológicos; Contracepção Hormonal; Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde; Fatores Sociodemográficos; Dissertação Acadêmica
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/61351

Introduction: Brazil has a high prevalence of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age. However, it is observed that inequalities persist, both in access and in relation to the type of method used, which may contribute to the high rates of unplanned pregnancies and induced abortions in the country. Another factor that contributes to these outcomes is contraceptive discontinuity, but this indicator has not been monitored in the country since 1996, making it difficult to measure the magnitude of the problem. Objectives: To estimate individual and contextual factors associated with the use of contraceptives according to the parity of Brazilian women of reproductive age; to estimate the factors associated with the type of contraceptive method used by Brazilian women; and to estimate the magnitude of contraceptive discontinuity in the world literature based on a meta-analysis. Methods: Data from the National Health Survey of 2013 and 2019 were used to answer the first two objectives of the thesis. The main outcomes were the use of contraceptive methods (CM) and the type of method classified according to the time of action: short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARCs) and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), and permanent CM. Individual factors were reproductive history, access to health services and sociodemographic characteristics; and the contextual ones: Human Development Index (HDI), Sociodemographic Index (SDI), Average Monthly Income and Primary Care Coverage (PHC). First, multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the individual and contextual factors associated with CM use, stratified by parity. Then, to estimate the factors associated with the type of CM used by women, multinomial logistic regression models were used, whose reference category was users of SARCs. Finally, a systematic review was conducted with meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of contraceptive discontinuity (abandonment and switch) in the world literature, which also considered the classification of methods in SARCs and LARCs. Results: The prevalence of MC use was greater than 80% in 2013 and 2019, being lower among nulliparous women. Between 2013 and 2019, there was a reduction in the variability of the chance of using CM between the Federative Units (FUs) for nulliparous women. Even so, nulliparous women residing in FUs with better socioeconomic indicators, such as higher HDI and SDI, were more likely to use MC. On the other hand, PHC coverage was the only variable that remained associated with a greater chance of CM use in 2019 among primiparous/multiparous women. As for the type of CM, more than 70% of the women used SARCs. Women with better socioeconomic conditions were more likely to use LARCs and less likely to use permanent methods when compared to SARCs. On the other hand, women of greater age, parity and who lived with a partner were more likely to use permanent methods in relation to SARCs. When performing a meta-analysis of the data, it was identified that the discontinuity rate for SARCs was 56.8%, while for LARCs it was 17.8%. For users of SARCs, the chance of dropping out was almost 7 times greater than switching. Of the women who discontinued, most discontinued MC use due to side effects. Conclusion: There are individual and contextual inequalities regarding access to contraception in the country, according to women's parity. In addition, women with better socioeconomic conditions have more access to the most effective CM, such as LARCs. Also noteworthy are the high rates of discontinuity found in the meta-analysis, especially for SARCs, the MC most used by Brazilian women. Our findings indicate the need to resume the discussion of contraception in the country with policies and programs aimed at confronting inequities, qualifying access, promoting equity, with a view to more marginalized groups, as well as resuming the monitoring of contraceptive discontinuity in nationwide, in addition to including assistance aspects that manage this phenomenon better.