Vegetação e o microclima urbano em área de ocupação consolidada: aplicação do modelo ENVI-met ao conjunto Confisco em Belo Horizonte, MG

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Marina Soares Silva
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil; ARQ - ESCOLA DE ARQUITETURA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente Construído e Patrimônio Sustentável; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Vegetação urbana; Vilas e favelas; Microclima urbano; Simulação computacional; Mudanças climáticas; Vegetação e clima; Climatologia urbana; Cidades e vilas; Planejamento urbano; Simulação (Computadores)
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/42634

The climate of cities is a product of the phenomenon of energy transformations from the interaction in the urban fabric of variables of atmospheric air, vegetation and soil. In particular, the effect of vegetation on the microclimate of urban areas, although it has been extensively described, is still not well understood, in view of the mutual influences between the urban surface, the atmosphere and vegetation. In view of the complexities of these interactions, micrometeorological models have been developed to assist urban planning, among them the ENVI-Met model, which was applied in this work. Therefore, the main purpuse of this research was to identify the microclimate influence that vegetation can have in areas of consolidated occupations, such as Conjunto Confisco, in Belo Horizonte. The adopted methodology was based on the process of elaborating models from the inductive method, starting from the characteristics of a case study comparing it with similar cases aiming at the generalization of the phenomenon. The direct extensive observation techniques used were carried out in three stages: data collection, numerical modeling and simulation. The data collected from meteorological stations were used as a base together with two meteorological shelters implemented in the study area. The records by thermohygrometers, in the forest fragment of the Fundação Zoobotânica e Zoológico and in an urbanized area of the Conjunto Confisco, served as a reference for the validation of the calibration and descriptive models. Based on the construction of an exploratory scenario, the hypothesis of applying the current legislation for road vegetation and checking for possible variations in the microclimate were tested. The results found demonstrated that the microclimate changes resulting from the presence of vegetation in a territory have a direct relationship with its arrangement, that meaning, the arrangements with a greater number of tree individuals tend to influence the microclimate variables (air temperature and relative air humidity) in greater proportions, in addition to causing greater stability in the local microclimate. The effects of road vegetation, although were lesser extent, must be considered. In addition, the understanding of ecosystem dynamics and its elements proved to be fundamental for the constitution of an ideal urban climate.