Análise e modelagem do processo de separação por membranas e do processo de adsorção com modulação de pressão para purificação de biogás
| Ano de defesa: | 2023 |
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| Autor(a) principal: | |
| Orientador(a): | |
| Banca de defesa: | |
| Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
| Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: | por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Brasil ENG - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA SANITÁRIA E AMBIENTAL Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saneamento, Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos UFMG |
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Não Informado pela instituição
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| Departamento: |
Não Informado pela instituição
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| País: |
Não Informado pela instituição
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| Palavras-chave em Português: | |
| Link de acesso: | http://hdl.handle.net/1843/58564 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-8799 |
| Resumo: | The circular economy is a model that aims to reinsert materials into the production cycle instead of discarding them. Following this path, Law 12305/2010 emphasizes the importance of waste treatment practices previously to it’s final disposal. Unfortunately, more than a decade has passed since the institution of this law and, still, almost all solid waste generated in Brazil goes directly to final disposal, without any prior treatment. On the other hand, some Brazilian municipalities have recently approved laws that prohibit the disposal of organic waste to landfills, requiring that this type of waste undergo proper treatment. In this sense, anaerobic digestion presents itself as a solution, being a technology capable of treating organic waste and generating, among its by-products, biogas, a renewable fuel. This gas can also be purified to biomethane, a gas with high concentrations of methane and capable of replacing fossil fuels. There are many advantages linked to the biogas and biomethane production chain and, in Brazil, it is observed that this sector still has a lot to grow. In Europe, on the other hand, a large number of biogas and biomethane production plants can already be observed, with plenty information about their operations being reported. Regarding biomethane plants specifically, it is reported that the most commonly used purification technologies are pressure swing adsorption (PSA), absorption, and membrane separation, and several operations use municipal organic waste as a raw material. At the same time, there are several studies in the literature that analyze biomethane production processes using simulation tools, a very useful strategy as it allows the study of the process's operation without the need for laboratory experiments. Within this context, the objectives of this work were to model the PSA process and membrane separation; simulate the production of biomethane through these models; validate the models with simulation results previously validated in other works; and compare both technologies. The process simulation was performed using Python language. The membrane separation model was validated, obtaining process performance indicators such as purity and methane recovery. Regarding the PSA process model, it could not be validated, but it was observed to be capable of representing the system's behavior in a manner consistent with what is expected in reality. Through the simulation performed, it was already possible to obtain process performance indicators, such as the carbon dioxide breakthrough time. Regarding the comparison of the two technologies, it was found that modeling the membrane separation process is much simpler than modeling the PSA process. Furthermore, based on technical and economic data, it was noticed that there is no better technology. In a situation where one of the two technologies must be chosen, it was inferred that it is necessary to consider the bigger picture, evaluating factors such as the availability of technology in the region, the presence of qualified people to build and operate the plant, the government incentive through subsidies and the feasibility of obtaining raw material. |
