Preparo e caracterização de membranas de matriz mista de PDMS com carvão ativado para separação de soluções aquosas de acetona, 1-butanol e etanol por pervaporação

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Bruno José Arcanjo Gonçalves
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pervaporação; Butanol; PDMS; Carvão ativado; Engenharia quimica
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9WRHQV

Currently, the society has sought to meet the demand for energy and raw materials in all sectors of industry in a sustainable way. Based on these needs, the biorefinery concept, which is the sustainable processing of biomass to the transformation into added value products and energy, has drawn the attention of researchers. In this context, 1-butanol has become known for its potential as a biofuel, being produced by fermentation, and for having various other industrial applications. However, technical and economic constraints also restrict the commercial application of its production. The aim of this study was the preparation of mixed matrix membranes for separation of 1-butanol, ethanol and acetone from aqueous solutions through pervaporation. Thus, it is intended to propose alternatives to make biorefineries economically viable. Membranes were prepared by adding activated carbon to poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, which is a hidrofobic, cheap, thermally and chemically stable polymer. The PDMS films were characterized by swelling, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) , gas permeation and pervaporation of acetone 1-butanol ethanol (ABE) aqueous diluted solutions. In pervaporation, the effects of temperature, activated carbon percentage and feed concentration were investigated. The results indicated that the membranes were successfully prepared, with no visible phase separation. The membrane containing 0,5% of activated carbon showed the best performance, reaching a flux of 28 g.m-2.h-1 and selectivity of 395, for a feed concentration of 1% butanol(mass) and a temperature of 298 K. Concerning transport properties, fluxes of 9,8 g/m2.h to 69,6 g/m2.h were observed, while the separation factor for butanol/water got up to 530, much higher than similar studies reported in the literature.