Eficiência e rentabilidade: um paralelo entre cooperativas de crédito e instituições bancárias

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Wanderson Rocha Bittencourt
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Rentabilidade; Cooperativas de crédito; Análise Envoltória de Dados; Bancos múltiplos; Eficiência; Análise envoltória de dados
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-A59MDV

Financial institutions are fundamental in any economy, factors such as the strong regulation of the banking industry, measurement and evaluation in terms of performance and efficiency have been key to financial institutions. After the process of economic consolidation in 1995, banking institutions through mergers and acquisitions, sought to increase their economies of scale and scope generating the expected increase efficiency. However, the result was below expectations, if not negative. These changes contributed to increase, even more, the demand for services provided by cooperatives mainly by the value of services offered, compared with banks. It should be noted that the advance of technology has contributed to reducing the cost of obtaining information diminishing the competitive advantages promoted by the proximity of customers with cooperatives. In this sense, to which cooperatives and / or banks continue to exist in the long term, it is essential the ability to adapt to the environment that act on, seeking greater efficiency and profitability. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a parallel efficiency and profitability across multiple banks and credit unions affiliated to Sicredi systems, Sicoob and Unicred between the periods from 2009 to 2013. It is important to note that credit unions and multiple banks have similar products and services and are running similar risks. For this analysis was used to measure the efficiency, data envelopment analysis methodology through the variable returns to scale model-oriented product. Also, it was possible to measure the occurrence of technological progress or retraction of performance indicators over the years through the Malmquist index. To evaluate the factors influencing profitability, we used multiple regression with panel data. In this study context, cooperatives had a mean score of 82.33% efficiency. You can highlight that cooperatives with the worst scores efficiency using high volumes of some inputs, such as Total Deposits and Funding to generate fees from credit and leftovers operations. It was identified that institutions that employ higher volumes in Total Assets in the composition of its resources tend to have breakthrough in changing total factor productivity, influencing efficiency. For the banking context, the average efficiency was 89.71% and the banks with the worst results of efficiency employ more costly features such as total deposits and operating expenses to generate the credit and profit operations. Multiple banks studied in ROA indicator decreased by 2% compared to the 2009 period with the period of 2013. The other indicator, ROE, increased by 3.14% over the same period. For cooperatives studied, profitability as measured by ROA indicator decreased by 19.61%, from the level of 0.51% to 0.41% compared to the 2009 period with the period of 2013. The other indicator, ROE decreased of 32.32% considering the same period. The ROA indicator is affected by variables Loans / Total Assets and Selic. But the ROE indicator is influenced by variables Total Deposits / Total Assets, Selic, GDP, Inflation, Efficiency and Total Expenses / Total Assets. Importantly, the results for the sample indicated that no statistical difference to be multiple bank or credit union is considered the ROE profitability indicator. In general, the cooperatives had lower efficiency to banks, which can be explained by greater sway in adjusting to technological changes and declines in scale efficiency. As part of the profitability, considering the ROA indicator, cooperatives showed an overall average of 0.52%, while for banks this ratio averaged 1.03%. Analyzing the ROE indicator, the average of cooperatives was 12.49%, and banks the average was 14.10%. This inferiority may be due to the lower scores efficiency of cooperatives, since this is a decisive factor for profitability. Another point to note was that the cooperatives had a higher score of efficiency were those who had, on average, higher profitability on both indicators. For the banking context, the group of institutions more efficiently presented only higher ROE. The higher profitability as measured by ROA indicator was presented by the group of institutions with efficiency between 80% and 89%. It is noteworthy that the focus of the cooperative is not maximizing the remains, but rather meet the various needs of members.