Avaliação dos desfechos clínicos e da qualidade de vida de usuários atendidos em um programa de cessação de tabagismo em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Vanessa Rodrigues Detomi
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Abandono do Tabagismo; Depressão; Qualidade de Vida; Ansiedade; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Fumo Vício; Nicotina; Qualidade de vida; Depressão mental; Tabagismo; Cuidados primários de saúde
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-BAUK7W

Smoking is considered an important and preventable cause of illness and death in the world. Given the complexity of smoking cessation, and knowing that nicotine addiction treatment is more cost-effective than the treatment of tobacco-related diseases, it is clear that there is a need to intervene in this health problem. There are few studies evaluating the results of cessation programs in Primary Health Care. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical and quality of life outcomes of users served in a smoking cessation program in two basic health units in Belo Horizonte, in Minas Gerais. A prospective cohort study was conducted, in which users were interviewed before and after their participation in the program, through initial and final evaluation questionnaires. The questionnaires included items related to sociodemographic characteristics, smoking history, anxiety and depression levels according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life according to the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale, with evaluation of the physical, psychological, social, and environment. The primary clinical outcome was the cessation rate after the end of the program, and the secondary outcomes were health conditions, lifestyle, anxiety and depression level, nicotine dependence level, and quality of life outcome. Data collection from interviews began in March and ended in December 2017, after the inclusion of users who sought the termination service between December 2016 and July 2017. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for paired comparisons of continuous variables, and McNemar for categorical variables, with a significance level of 5%, a 95% confidence interval. The SPSS 21.0 software was used in the analyzes. Of the 76 eligible patients who completed the initial evaluation questionnaire, 55 completed the program sessions and completed the final evaluation questionnaire. In the sample evaluated, female predominance (72,7%), education level (52,7%), presence of some occupational activity (90,9%), mean age 52,4 years, initiation of tobacco use among 11 to 17 years old (74,5%) and 65,5% presented as prepared for action during the initial interview. The smoking cessation rate at the end of program follow-up was 85,5% and after 6 months it was 52,7%. Comparing pre and post exposure results, there was a significant increase in the general quality of life score (p=0,041), in the psychological (p=0,046) and environment (p=0,007) domains, 001). In this sample, participation in the program was associated with improvement in clinical characteristics and quality of life of the patients. It is recommended the early detection of predictors of relapse in the approach to smoking, surveillance of the maintenance of nicotine withdrawal after the end of the program and sensitization of professionals involved in addiction therapy as strategies for strengthening actions aimed at smoking cessation in Attention Primary Health Care.