Comparação das estratégias educativas em diabetes mellitus: educação em grupo e visita domiciliar

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Jéssica Caroline dos Santos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Educação em Saúde; Diabetes Mellitus; Autocuidado; Visita Domiciliar; Fatores Socioeconômicos; Enfermagem; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle; Inquéritos e Questionários
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-B2ZMM3

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a high-incidence worldwide health problem that is related to poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. In this context, educational strategies such as group education and home visits have encouraged the empowerment and adherence to self-care practices of the user with this condition. Objective: To compare the effects of group education and home visits on adherence and empowerment for self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in improving glycemic control. Method: This is a randomized clinical trial with the participation of 238 users with type 2 diabetes, attending the Primary Health Care of Divinópolis (MG), included in the diabetes empowerment program. 238 users participated in the study, of which 93 were allocated in group education, 34 in the home visit and 111 in the control group, during the 12-month period. Ten meetings were held in group education and, at the same time, seven visits were carried out at the home visit, the meetings were divided into 4 cycles, divided for a period of three months. To verify the effect of educational strategies, the specific questionnaire on empowerment for diabetes - DES-SF: Empowerment scale in diabetes mellitus and the self-care questionnaire in diabetes (ESM) were used. In addition, the glycated hemoglobin test was used as the clinical indicator. The instruments and glycated hemoglobin were collected at the initial time before the start of the empowerment program and at the end time. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0. The descriptive analysis was performed by means of frequency calculations for categorical variables and measures of central tendency (mean and median) and dispersion (SD: standard deviation) for the quantitative variables. We used the ANOVA tests for the comparison of means and the Pearson Chi-square test for the comparison of proportions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies, the Student t paired and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the mean and median, respectively. For all analyzes, the significance level of 5% (p <0.05) was adopted. Results: The majority of participants were female, of which 158 (66.4%) were women and 80 (33.6%) were men, with a mean age of 57.8 years. Regarding marital status, 181 (78%) of them had a partner. Regarding the practice of remunerated activities, only 110 (46.2%) stated that they had an employment relationship. Improvement in aspects related to empowerment and adherence to self-care was observed in both group education and home visit. However, only in group education there was a statistically significant improvement in relation to glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion: The strategies of home visits and group education presented significant results in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in terms of empowerment and adherence to self-care