Distribuição de tensões em um modelo tridimensional do primeiro pré-molar superior com esmalte anisotrópico e isotrópico: análise comparativa pelo Método de Elementos Finitos

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Lais Sant'ana Munari
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; UFMG
• Palavras-chave em Português: Anisotropia de esmalte; Análise de elemento finito; Oclusão dentária; Lesão cervical não-cariosa; Distribuição de tensões; Molares; Anisotropia; Método dos elementos finitos; Oclusão (Odontologia)
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ZMRO-8XEHWV

The direction, type and magnitude of loads on the oclusal surface and also the characteristics of the support structures determines the stress distribution. The aim of this study was to analyze, by the finite element method, the stress distribution on the first superior premolar, in a tridimensional (3D) model subjected to various types of loadings considering the enamel anisotropic or isotropic. The geometric modeling was performed based on a computed tomography (CT) scan. The mechanical properties as well as the loading conditions determined by the Abaqus® finite element program. Axial and oblique loads were applied on the occlusal surface of the first superior premolar in the following conditions: I) 30N axial load applied simultaneously on the occlusal contacts A and B and in the mesial marginal ridge, totaling 90N; II) 90N axial load in the mesial longitudinal edge of the lingual cusp, simulating eccentric contact; III) 45N oblique load with a 45o inclination on theocclusal contact A; IV) 45N oblique load with a 45o inclination on the occlusal contact B. To estimate the possibility of failure in the simulated structures, the maximum principal stress were analyzed and compared to known tensile strength values of the tissues studied. The results showed compression stress on the side in which the load was applied and tensile stress on the opposite side. Tensile stress concentrates mainly in the cervical region of the tooth and in the alveolar insertion bone. Anisotropic models revealed areas of tensile stress concentration smaller than the isotropic models. It was concluded that the isotropic 3D models were suitable for analyzing the stress distribution in teeth, because they are less complex models to build and produced similar results compared to the anisotropic models. The cervical enamel seems to be more susceptible to fracture because of the largest stress concentration on this area, associated with its composition and anatomical characteristics.