Uso de técnicas moleculares para determinação de Streptococcus pneumoniae e sorotipos colonizadores da nasofaringe na era pós-vacinal

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Garcia, Weslley José Moreira
• Orientador(a): Andrade, Ana Lúcia Sampaio Sgambatti de
• Banca de defesa: Andrade, Ana Lúcia Sampaio Sgambatti de, Kipnis, André, Minamisava, Ruth
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP)
• Departamento: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública - IPTSP (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Streptococcus pneumoniae; Portador nasofaríngeo; Vacinas pneumocócicas conjugadas; Nasopharyngeal carriage; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: SAUDE COLETIVA::EPIDEMIOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3731

Brazil was the first country to introduce the pneumococcal conjugate 10valent vaccine into the National Immunization Program for infants, in 2010. The nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae occurs early in life. It is the first step for the development of invasive diseases. So far no study has evaluated the impact of vaccination on the reduction on pneumococcal carriage. The evaluation of the impact of vaccination should based on technologies with high accuracy. In this investigation we applied molecular technologies, recently developed, to ascertain pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization and serotypes. Objectives: (i) to compare the prevalence of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization by using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and multiplex PCR, and culture (“gold standard”) in children residing in Goiania municipality; (ii) to evaluate the simultaneous colonization by different serotypes by using the multiplex PCR technique. Methods: A household populationbased survey was carried out between October/2010 and March/2011 by using a systematic sampling, weighted by census tract. Based on previous studies, the sample size was calculated taking into account an estimated 50% of pneumocococcal carriage. A total of 1,437 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children less than 24 months of age. Broth-enriched culture of nasopharynx specimens followed by pneumococcal isolation by both, culture and RT-PCR targeting the lytA gene (S. pneumoniae) were performed. Pneumococcal carriage was defined for RT-PCR Cycle threshold (Ct) < 35.0, and therefore all samples were submitted to multiplex PCR to detect serotypes. ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristics) were built up to identify Ct values predicted of S. pneumoniae positive culture. Results: The prevalence of pneumococcal carriage by RT-PCR (56.9%) was statistically higher (p< 0,001), compared to that obtained by culture (39.3%), regardless of the vaccination status. Among the 818 positive children/samples by RT-PCR, in 54.2% of them it was possible to detect the serotype. Simultaneous colonization by different types was found in 6.9% of the children. Ct values Ct33.0 showed the best accuracy (91.4%) to predict positive pneumococcal culture (Sensitivity=88% and Specificity=81.2%). When using Ct values  32.0 we found the best accuracy of multiplex PCR in detecting serotypes (Sensitivity =90% and Specificity =84,7%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that RT-PCR and multiplex PCR techniques showed great potential to be used in evaluating the vaccination impact. Further studies are needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using these technologies on a large scale.