Análise da evolução da paisagem urbana de Goiânia (GO) e a distribuição dos focos erosivos hídricos de 1992 a 2016

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Cavalcante, Lizandra Ribeiro
• Orientador(a): Castro, Selma Simões de
• Banca de defesa: Castro, Selma Simões de, Barbalho, Maria Gonçalves da Silva, Carneiro, Gabriel Tenaglia, Macedo, Márcia Helena
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia (IESA)
• Departamento: Instituto de Estudos Socioambientais - IESA (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ravinas e voçorocas urbanas; Análise espaço-temporal; Macrozona construída de Goiânia; Condicionantes erosivos; Áreas críticas
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Ravines and urban gullies; Builted-macrozone of Goiania; Spatial-temporal analysis; Erosive conditions; Critical areas
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9631

Urban water erosion in Brazil is one of the socio-environmental problem that have emerged with the process of intensive and disorganized urban expansion since the 1960s, given its severity. Goiânia, the capital of the state of Goiás, has been suffering from this process since the 1980s. The process were studied, the first time in 1982, under the coordination of the City Hall, which identified 106 erosive points of ravines and gullies, both in the urban area and in urban expansion zones, especially in unplanned neighborhoods with a population density of over 20%. Still in the 1990s it was intensive but since 2000 it was declined. The present research utilized one methodology to analyze the space-time behavior in time of the urban water erosion of Goiânia, now called Builted-Macrozone, from 1992 to 2016. It is studied: the distribution of medium and large erosion points of ravine and gullies type, their space-time evolution and respective critical areas where a greater density of the number of erosion points. The aim was to identify the influence of the physical environmental conditions, the erodibility of the soils, and the changes in urban land use, as well as the expansion of the allotments/assessments that originated neighborhoods in the capital. The methodology utilized bibliographical and documentary research and geotechnologies as analysis of satellite images of high resolution and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to cartography the phenomenon over time. The results revealed that, in fact, urban use and occupation undertaken in an unplanned manner, especially on sensitive land, are the most critical sectors. They revealed in particular that the occupation and higher densities of erosive foci and their respective critical areas follow an arc trajectory that begins in the east and projects gradually to the north, northwest and then to the southwest as the periphery is being urbanized in the same direction.