Morte e luto nas consolatórias de Sêneca: uma análise da filosofia como remedium contra o sofrimento (século I D.C.)

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Erick Messias Costa Otto
• Orientador(a): Omena, Luciane Munhoz de
• Banca de defesa: Omena, Luciane Munhoz de, Silva, Ademir Luiz da, Borges, Maria Elizia, Silva, Gilvan Ventura da, Gonçalves, Ana Tereza Marques
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em História (FH)
• Departamento: Faculdade de História - FH (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Morte; Luto; Aegritudo; Sêneca; Consolatio
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Death; Mourning; Aegritudo; Seneca
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/10922

In this thesis, we investigated how Seneca, in his consolatory texts, exhorted the recipients to control the emotion of aegritudo through reason. The aegritudo, that is, suffering, was an emotion that took the individual away from his relationships with family and friends. In our research, we list the circumstances in which this suffering arose from the death of loved ones, mourning. Excessive suffering or prolonged mourning was the reason why the philosopher wrote his consolations to suppress the pain of the recipients. In this sense, Seneca used philosophical arguments, elaborated through precepts and examples, and recommended remedies to eliminate the root of suffering, that is, the pain of the loss of loved ones. For that, we selected a documentary corpus composed of six consolations, destined to Marciam, Helviam, Polybium, Marullus, and two to Lucilius. The selected consolations were written as treatises and epistles since this textual typology was not defined by its form, but by its content. In these texts the author points out that the evils that afflict the recipients do not exist, but are indifferent, according to nature; after that, it addresses the specific conditions of the recipient so that the remedy can serve him better; and, finally, he urges the consoled to eliminate the pain that afflicts him and proposes remedies based on stoic philosophy. With that, we developed our thesis in three chapters: in the first, we approached Seneca in its family and political context, as well as reflected on the development of the consolatory in Rome, its typology in epistles and treatises and how such texts were left to us, from the manuscripts to modern editions. In the second chapter, we deepen our analysis of death and dying in Rome in the first century, stoicism, and the perception of death in the texts of Seneca, as well as the way the author builds his argument based on precepts and examples. In the last chapter, we analyzed philosophy as a remedium against suffering, examples of good and bad behavior in the context of mourning, and the need for support networks for mourners, composed of friends and family. Thus, we will see how Seneca, in his consolations, develops a philosophical argument that aims to eliminate the pain of the loss of loved ones and, through reason, to reinsert the individual in Roman society.