Tráfico de animais silvestres: da captura ao retorno à natureza

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Destro, Guilherme Fernando Gomes
• Orientador(a): Terribile, Levi Carina
• Banca de defesa: Terribile, Levi Carina, Nabout, João Carlos, Morais, Alessandro Ribeiro de, Silva, Daniel de Paiva, Resende, Fernando de Moura
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)
• Departamento: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Comércio de biodiversidade; Invasão biológica; Modelagem de nicho ecológico; Mudanças climáticas globais; Restauração populacional; Revisão sistemática; Tráfico de animais silvestres
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Animal trafficking; Biological invasion; Ecological niche modeling – ENM; Global climate change; Restoration population; Systematic review; Wildlife trade
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9255

Animal trafficking, one of the most lucrative illegal activities worldwide, generates serious social and environmental consequences, including economic losses, introduction of exotic species, disease transmission and changes in ecological processes. Apart from legality issues, thousands of animals are apprehended each year, leading to high technical and operational costs from governmental authorities for the proper destination of these specimens. Herein, the animal trafficking thematic was discussed under a broad and updated view, seeking to elucidate issues originated from the dissociation of scientific knowledge from the resolution of environmental problems, also known as research–implementation gap. Thus, in the first chapter, the main drivers related to wild animals capture for trafficking were enumerated, prioritizing the factors most relevant concerning illegal bird capture in Brazil. In this chapter, after a broad scale analysis, instead of socioeconomic factors, native vegetation coverage and proximity to protected areas were pointed out as the main factors regarding illegal capture. In the second chapter, the role of legal or illegal wildlife trade on the introduction of exotic species and changes in biogeographic patterns of overexploited species were assessed. In this chapter, the Amazon was pointed out as one of the most vulnerable regions for the invasion of bird species used as pets in Brazil. In chapter 3, the main drivers related to failures in the bird population restoration efforts were compiled, be they reintroduction or reinforcement efforts. According to the results, actions aiming at returning birds to the wild will be more successful when factors like predation, post-release dispersion movements and diseases are controlled or eliminated. Lastly, in the fourth chapter, assessments were carried out on whether source- municipalities are the most suitable areas for seized animal population restoration efforts considering the irremediable impacts of climate change. Thus, ecological niche modeling and the use of protected areas as a control group allowed for the observation that areas unrelated to the capture of trafficked specimens in Brazil may be more suitable long-term population maintenance. In summary, through these four chapters, we hope to bring advances not only to the academic field, by promoting an innovative approach to relevant ecological issues, but also reinforce the importance of joining theory and practice by providing direct subsidies to managers and decision-makers involved in the protection and conservation of overexploited wildlife by trafficking, worldwide.