Morfologia, taxonomia, filogenia, anatomia foliar e titoquímica de espécies do gênero Hyptis Jacq. (Labiatae) ocorrentes em em Goiás e Tocantins

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: FERREIRA, Heleno Dias
• Orientador(a): REZENDE, Maria Helena
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Doutorado em Biologia
• Departamento: Ciencias Biologicas
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Hyptis, Hyptidinae, morfologia, anatomia foliar, mapas de distribuição geográfica, Região Neotropical, óleos essenciais, relações filogenéticas, monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos.
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Hyptys; Hyptidinae; morphology; leaf anatomy; distribution maps; Neotropical Region; essential oils; phylogenetic relationships; monotherpenes; sesquitherpenes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA::BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1011

The genus Hyptis, with 280 species worldwide, belongs to the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae), subfamily Nepetoideae, tribe Ocimae, and subtribe Hyptidinae. The genus was divided in 27 sections, with 13 of them (Apodotes, Cephalohyptis, Cyanocephalanthus, Cyrta, Eriosphaeria, Gymneia, Induratae, Mesosphaeria, Polydesmia, Pusilae, Trichosphaeria, and Hylodontes) occur in the states of Goiás and Tocantins (Brazil). The collection of botanical material for morphological, taxonomical, anatomical, phytochemical studies, as well as geographical distribution and phylogenetic relationships, was realized with several field trips in the states of Goiás and Tocantins. For morphological studies, several loans of herbarium specimens of Hyptis were requested from Brazilian and international institutions. The genus Hyptis is mostly American, with Neotropical distribution, ranging from southern United States to Argentina. In South America, most species of Hyptis are associated with open areas, and occur from 300 m altitude in the valley of the Rio Araguaia, in Goiás, to 3300 m in the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes. In Goiás and Tocantins they can be found in several vegetation types: cerrado, rocky outcrops, margins of cow pastures, cultivated fields, wet fields, humid forests, and flooded areas with Mauritia palms. In these states they occur in a variety of soils: sandy, sandygravelly, with rocky outcrops, hydromorphic, and latossoils. Specie of the section Cyrta are exclusive of humid and flooded soils. The two main centers of diversity of Hyptis in Brazil are in the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás. Many herbarium specimens were analyzed and many species were studied and collected during field trips in Goiás and Tocantins. The geographic position of each collection was verified with the use of a GPS instrument. The specimens collected were deposited in the UFG Herbarium of the Federal University of Goiás. Thirty-two distribution maps of Hyptis in Goiás and Tocantins were elaborated from the specimens studied. A total of 89 species was catalogued, and 18 of them reported from Goiás and Tocantins were not found during the collecting trips. A key for the identification of the species was elaborated using morphological characters. A parsimony analysis using 35 morphological characters was realized, obtaining 1864 most parsimonious trees and a strict consensus tree. The parsimony analysis supports the monophyly of the sections Gymneya, Cyrta, Apodotes, and Cyanocephalus (except for the H. nitidula - H. peduncularis clade), and indicates that the sections Mesospheria, Xylodontes, Hyptis, Polydesmia, and Eriosphaeria are not monophyletic. Section Trichosphaeria is not well resolved. An anatomical study of 60 species, representing 11 sections of Hyptis, was undertaken. Some characters, as hypodermis, schlerenchimatic sheath extensions, trichomes, stomatal cripts, supply useful taxonomic for inferring phylogenetic relationships within the genus. For the analyses of chemical components, 29 species and two varieties of Hyptis were selected. With the chemical analises, 216 constituents of essential oils were identified, mostly monotherpenes and sesquiterpenes. Average percentage and pattern of each chemical component were calculated. The most common chemical components were arbitrarily selected, as present in nine or more species: sabinene (9 spp.), 1, alpha-tujene, alpha-cubebene, beta-selinene, and 14-hidroxy-(Z)-cariophyllene (10 spp.). alpha-muurolol and 8(13)-dien- 5beta-ol (11 spp.), mircene, cariophil-4 and germacrene B (12 spp.), gamma-cadinene, epialpha- caninol (13 spp.) and 14-hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-cariofilene (13 spp.), 1-epi-cubenol- and gamma-muurolene (14 spp.), humulene poxide II and bicyclogermacrene (16 spp.), betaelemene and alpha-cadinol (17 spp.), beta-pinene (18 spp.), limonene (19 spp.), espatulenol and germacrene D (24 spp.), alpha copaene and beta-bourbonene (25 spp.), delta-cadinene (26 spp.), alpha-humulene (27 spp.), cariofilene oxide and (E)-cariofilene (28 spp.). Two dendrograms were obtained with two multivariate analyses of chemical constituents, one with quantitative data and the other with qualitative data (presence/absence). Species of section Cyanocephalus were the only ones found in a consistent group in both dendrograms based on chemical constituents. The data obtained in the present study contribute important information for the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Hyptis and the subtribe Hyptidinae, and ultimately for the family Labiatae.