Caracterização do uso da água e da energia associada à água em uma edificação residencial convencional e uma dotada de um sistema de reúso de águas cinza

• Ano de defesa: 2009
• Autor(a) principal: Pertel, Mônica
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental; Centro Tecnológico; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental
• Palavras-chave em Português: Water conservation; Usage indicators; Gray water; losses; Conservação de água; Indicadores de consumo; Água cinza; Perdas; Água - Reutilização; Água - Conservação; Água - Consumo; Energia - Conservação; Águas cinzentas (Resíduos de águas domésticas); Engenharia sanitária; 628
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6146

The pursuit of urban sustainability entails the most diverse water and energy conservation praxes. In this context, the rational use of water and energy by residential buildings plays a strategic role in the conception of natural resources conservation programs in urban areas, since the residential usage is responsible for as much as 80% in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Seeking the evaluation of a water conservation method, the present work examined quantitatively the economic gain generated in a residential building outfitted with a gray water reuse system opposed to a building with conventional hydro-sanitary system. Data was collected from February to September of 2007 in the conventional building and from February to September of 2008 in the one equipped with the gray water reuse system. Data collection comprises daily readings, at 8:00 a.m., of the water and electricity consumption, as well as the 24h usage profile. The water pump electrical consumption was measured by an electronic gauge, installed on each pump. Based on the hourly usage profiles, per capita, per area and per bedroom, the water usage was consistently higher in the conventional building and more intense over the winter in both buildings. Approximately 32% of the produced gray water was diverted and reused, representing 22% of the total water consumption in the building. In terms of the electrical usage, the water pumps installed in the conventional residential building represented 8% of the total spent energy, while in the building outfitted with the gray water reuse system, it accounted for 7% of the total, from which 3% were used on the drinking water pumping system and 4% in the gray water system. The high electrical usage by the pumps suggests that the water systems should be more carefully designed. Energy consumption per cubic meter of conveyed water of 1,40kWh/m3 was observed in the conventional building, while in the one equipped with gray water reuse systems, a lower value of 0.88kWh/m3 was observed. The evaluation of water losses carried out by building sections, allowed the identification of a leakage of 1,88m3/day, in the building equipped with the gray water reuse system invisible by other means. Errors in the water flow meter were observed at low flow conditions. No evident leakages were observed inside the residences. The results show the potential of gray water reuse as water conservation and waste water reduction praxes.