O clima e suas especificidades: a influência no consumo energético de edifícios urbanos residenciais

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Lugão, Layra Ramos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo; Centro de Artes; UFES; Programa de Pós- Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo
• Palavras-chave em Português: Consumo energético; ilha de calor urbana; mudanças climáticas; modelagem energética; edifícios urbanos residenciais; subject.br-rjbn; Arquitetura e Urbanismo
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/15358

The quicken urbanization process set up the current panorama of cities, making them vulnerable to climatic particularities. The urban heat island indicates high temperatures in these regions, which could worsen due to global climate change projections. Buildings are located predominantly in urban areas and a set of local climatic effects are interacting under their energy conditions. In this regard, recent studies point to the increase in energy demand for cooling, especially in residential ambiance. This consumption generates heat release in cities, confirming the interrelationship between building and urban parameters. The trend towards integrated analysis has encouraged the urban scale approach, such as the energy modelling of urban buildings. Thus, the main goal of this thesis was to analyse the influence of the urban context on energy consumption of residential buildings’ cooling systems compare to the heat island phenomena and climate change, aiming to establish propositions tuned to energy efficiency of a built environment. The adopted methodology was based on simulations of generic urban models, composed by different urban indexes combinations, consistent with the intraurban forms of the city of Vitória (ES). In order to optimize the simulation process, the main tool applied was Grasshopper, in which urban scenarios were assembled based on urban indexes, which also were assigned for the main building analysed. After the broad configuration accomplished, the weather file was designed for the 2050s and 2080s using Climate Change World Weather File Generator tool and modified later as the urban heat island effect was taken through the Urban Weather Generator component. The results demonstrated variation in the influence of the urban context elements on the residential building performance, highlighting up to 23.40% increase in the energy consumption of cooling per conditioned area caused by weather event. Furthermore, it was observed the significant reduction provided by surroundings’ shading, the importance of efficient envelope and the association between adequate external parameters to ease downside effects on the building. Therefore, the urban context embodiment with climate changes in the energy performance simulations can provide more accurate data for the elaboration of coherent strategies at the local scale.