Relação entre doença periodontal e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em usuários do sistema público de saúde - Vila Velha - ES

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Mendonça, Gustavo Vital de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Doutorado em Doenças Infecciosas; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas
• Palavras-chave em Português: Doenças periodontais; Hipertensão; Diabetes Mellitus; Epidemiologia; Saúde Pública; Periodontal Diseases; Hypertension; Epidemiology; Public Health; Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/18250

Periodontal disease (PD) encompasses gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis or inflammation of the gums, which leads to bleeding gums, is considered an early form of periodontal disease. Periodontitis develops over time, with accumulation of dental plaque, bacterial dysbiosis, formation of periodontal pockets, gingival recession, tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss, which can lead to tooth loss. In the late 1980s, dental journals published several observational studies that identified systemic diseases in patients with PD. In the 1990s, the term “periodontal medicine” was introduced. In the early 21st century, dentists began to warn their patients about the potential relationship between PD and a number of systemic diseases. Therefore, we carried out this study with the objectives of describing the relationship between the occurrence of periodontal disease and the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, as much as the influence of the severity of periodontal disease on the prevalence of such chronic conditions. Another objective was to demonstrate the relevance of multidisciplinary care in the public health service. The study population consisted of patients using the public health service in the city of Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. The Jardim Colorado, Divino Espírito Santo and Ataíde health units were used for the study. The CPI (Community Periodontal Index) method was selected, which is recommended by the WHO and the Ministry of Health. The number of lost dental elements was also evaluated. The systemic health assessment was carried out through careful anamnesis, with measurement of blood pressure and blood glucose, and with data self-reported by the volunteers, as well as through the analysis of the citizen's electronic medical record. The association between periodontal disease and the occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases was verified by simple logistic regression adjusted for confounding factors (age, smoking and excess weight), using comorbidity outcomes (systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic events, arthritis, neurological disorders and cancer) and the independent variables total periodontal index and number of missing teeth. The study population consisted of 334 volunteers. It was possible to find a significant association between the total periodontal index and systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes in patients aged 45 years or over. Also, there was a significant association between the total periodontal index and systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancer in female individuals, with the participant whose total CPI was 9 to 13 being 2.8 times more likely to have systemic arterial hypertension when compared to the participant with values from 1 to 2. Our findings allow us to conclude that periodontal disease has a positive and statistically significant association with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the population over 45 years of age, regardless of confounding factors (smoking and excess weight). Severe periodontitis is also a risk factor for cancer in women, and tooth loss is also a risk factor for hypertension and diabetes in women