dentificação de marcadores de genes de resistência a patógenos em eucalipto e soja por RGA

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Vieira, Paula Mikaely Henrique
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento
• Palavras-chave em Português: Analogous of resistance genes; Nematodes; Fungi; Análogos de genes de resistência; Nematóides; Genética; Biotecnologia; Plantas - Resistência à doenças e pragas; Nematoda; Fungos; Marcadores biológicos; Melhoramento Vegetal; 631.523
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5128

Along the evolution the plants developed a sophisticated mechanism of defense against the attack of phytopathogens, known as pre-formed defense. This system comprehends a complex net of biochemical signalization, commanded by resistance genes, the R genes. The identification of these genes in cultures of agronomic interest as soybean and eucalyptus amplifies the genetic basis of resistance, what makes the plants less vulnerable to the attack of pathogens. The R genes codify proteins with conserved domains. The presence of these domains allows the use of PCR technics aiming the DNA isolation and the cloning of analogous sequences of resistance genes (RGA) by means of the use of specific degenerated oligonucleotides for the conserved regions. It was aimed with this work: 1) to evaluate the presence of fragments associated to the resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata in genotypes of eucalyptus; 2) to measure the diversity among eucalyptus genotypes; 3) to identify fragments related to the resistance to the nematodes Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne spp in soybean genotypes and; 4) to carry out a comparative analysis of the data obtained by RGAs with SSR markers that contemplate QTLs of resistance. The cluster analyses carried out with the data of RGA and SSR allow distinguishing groups of genotypes that are resistant and susceptible to C. fimbriata and revealed the diversity existent among the studied individuals, the heatmap graphic allowed identifying fragments associated to the resistance to C. fimbriata in eucalyptus cultivars. The RGA markers applied in soybean were efficient in discriminating soybean genotypes that were resistant and susceptible to the nematodes in study, and it is important to associate to these the use of SSR markers because they are powerful in amplifying and discriminating genotypes according to the race and specificity of the pathogen.