Qualidade de leite cru refrigerado e pasteurizado de unidades de produção familiares do Sul do Espírito Santo em 2015 e 2016

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Bastos, Leticia Ricieri
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
• Palavras-chave em Português: Milk raw; Quality; Community tank; Family farm; Leite cru; Qualidade; Tanque comunitário; Leite - Pasteurização; Leite - Produção; Leite - Qualidade; Agricultura familiar; Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; 664
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8106

Dairy cattle is an important activity in Brazil. In Espirito Santo, small family farms provide about 80% of milk production. Contaminations of raw milk by mesophilic aerobic and psycrotrophic bacteria can be associated with problems in milking hygiene procedures. Due to significance of the milk agribusiness in Brazil and problems related with its quality, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (Mapa) approved, in 2002, the Normative Ruling (IN) nº 51. In December 2011, the Mapa published the IN nº 62, which altered some articles of the IN nº 51 and stipulated new deadlines for the reduction in the levels of TBC (total bacteria count) and SCC (somatic cell count). Thus, the aim of this work was evaluate the quality of milk produced in families production unitis located in southern Espirito Santo in relation to the requirements of IN nº 62/2011 and others quality parameters. A total of 29 milk tanks distributed in 13 cities were selected. Questionnaires were applied to its owners and to 122 producers users. Three collections (87 samples) of raw chilled milk in tanks were taken for the following tests: TBC; total count psychrotrophic (TPC); stability test; acidity; density; fat content; TDE (total dry extract); DDE (degreased dry extract); SCC; and antibiotic residues testing. Six samples of pasteurized milk were taken on the market to verify compliance with RDC n° 12/2001 for Anvisa (National Health Surveillance Agency). Analysis of the questionnaires applied to the milk tanks owners showed that: 45% of them lacked proper training; 7% of the tanks didn’t keep cold storage for 24 hours; in 25%, the milk wasn't tested before placed in the tank; 55% of the tanks owners didn’t execute the disinfection of the equipment; in 10,3% of the rural properties, the water supply was from river or stream. Deficiencies in the procedures carried by producers have also been identified: 57% of them didn't do good hygiene during milking; only 27% used daily the cup test; the pre-dipping and after-dipping was carried out by only 16%; 43% of them didn't wash the cows teats; 44% didn’t treat mastitis; 9% of the properties was supplied by river water/stream. 41% of the investigated milk tanks had values for the three collections nonstandard for TBC. For TPC, none of the tanks presented the three scores out of the maximum considered (5,7 log CFU/mL). In titratable acidity, all the mean values for the tanks were within the standards defined. For density, 3% of tanks showed values outside the standard. All tanks and samples attended legislation in relation to fat content. For the DDE, 90% of tanks were nonstandard. For SCC, 17% of the tanks showed values outside the standard for the three counts. No raw milk samples showed presence of antibiotic residues. All samples of pasteurized milk were safety standard. In order to the fact that milk reaches the acceptable standards by law, the implementation of training programs for better education of those involved in the production chain is recommended.