Modelagem termoeconômica generalizada e sistemática para o tratamento de resíduos e internalização de encargos ambientais em sistemas térmicos

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Faria, Pedro Rosseto de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Doutorado em Engenharia Mecânica; Centro Tecnológico; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica
• Palavras-chave em Português: Modelagem termoeconômica; Dispositivo ambiental; Encargo ambiental; Desagregação da exergia; Sistematização; Alocação de custos; subject.br-rjbn; Engenharia Mecânica
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17158

Thermoeconomics originally combines Thermodynamics with Economics. Nevertheless, environmental issues can be incorporated. Despite the thermoeconomic modelling improvement and the quantity of methodologies available, topics such as waste cost allocation are still subject to criticism and can be considered important challenges to be solved for the rational and systematic inclusion of environmental charges. In many of the proposed methodologies there are subjective, incomplete, inconsistent or particular allocation criteria, which makes it difficult to define the waste cost formation process. Therefore, a generalized and systematic thermoeconomic methodology capable of treating waste and taking into account environmental issues in analyses of multiproduct systems is required. The main objective of this work is to consolidate the systematization of a methodology that is directly associated with the integration of a device that represents the environment with thermoeconomic diagrams. Models that already use this device have never been applied in thermal systems with more than one source of combustion to demonstrate the need for generalization and systematization. Still concerning the device that represents the environment, this work shows for the first time: i) how it is considered in closed-cycle thermal systems, such as steam cycles; ii) how it can be introduced in models that originally do not consider it explicitly, as in the E Model that uses exergy flows to define the thermoeconomic diagram; iii) the fundamental role it plays in the internalization of environmental charges, such as carbon credits and mitigation and environmental control devices cost; and iv) how it behaves and affects a thermoeconomic diagnosis assessment. The internalization of environmental cost exactly in the environment device systematically redistributes the costs to the other components of the system and the final products. Case studies, considering gas and steam cogeneration systems, show that the environmental device has a fundamental role in the generalized and systematic internalization of environmental charges, for instance, pollutant emissions, acquisition costs of mitigation and environmental control devices, and carbon pricing, among others. Through this internalization, it becomes feasible to assess the financial and environmental implications of emissions, foster the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG), and enhance the design and operation of systems.