Representation of multi-level domains on the web

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Freddy Brasileiro
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: eng
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Informática; Centro Tecnológico; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática
• Palavras-chave em Português: OWL (Web Ontology Language); Metamodelagem; Modelagem multi-nível.; Web semântica; Ciência da Computação; 004
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9824

Often, subject domains are conceptualized with entities in two levels: a level of classes, and a level of individuals which instantiate these classes. In several subject domains, however, classes themselves may be subject to categorization, resulting in classes of classes (or metaclasses). To represent these domains, one needs to capture not only entities of different classification levels, but also their (possibly intricate) relations. In the domain of biological taxonomies, for instance, a given organism (e.g. Cecil, the lion killed in the Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe in 2015) is classified into taxa (such as, e.g., Animal, Mammal, Carnivoran, Lion), each of which is classified by a biological taxonomic rank (e.g., Kingdom, Class, Order, Species). Thus, to represent the knowledge underlying this domain, one needs to represent entities at different (but nonetheless related) classification levels. For example, Cecil is an instance of Lion, since he exhibits those common features. For example, Cecil is an instance of Lion, which is an instance of Species. Species, in its turn, is an instance of Taxonomic Rank. Moreover, when representing these domains, one needs to capture not only entities of different classification levels, but also their (possibly intricate) relations. For example, we would like to state that instances of the genus Panthera must also be instances of exactly one instance of Species (e.g. Lion). The need to support the representation of knowledge domains dealing with multiple classification levels has given rise to an area of investigation called multi-level modeling. We observe that the representation of multi-level domains is challenging in current Semantic Web languages, as there is little support to guide the modeler in producing correct multi-level ontologies, especially because of the nuances in the constraints that apply to entities of different classification levels and their relations. In order to address these representation challenges, we define a vocabulary that can be used as basis for the definition of multilevel ontologies in OWL. This vocabulary is accompanied by integrity constraints to prevent the construction of inconsistent models as well as derivation rules to derive knowledge that is not explicit in the model. We offer a tool that receives as input a domain model, checks its conformance with the proposed integrity constraints and produces an output model containing the original domain model plus derived information. In this process, we employ an axiomatic theory called MLT (a Multi-Level Modeling Theory). We use Wikidata content to demonstrate that the approach can prevent the construction of inconsistent multi-level representations in a realistic setting.