Implantação e otimização de uma unidade manual de destilação a vácuo de petróleos no LabPetro/UFES

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Malacarne, Majorie Mara
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Química; Centro de Ciências Exatas; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
• Palavras-chave em Português: Distillation; Vacuum; Petroleum; True boiling point; Destilação; Vácuo; PEV; ASTM D 5236; Petróleo; Ponto de ebulição verdadeiro; Espectroscopia de infravermelho; Química; 54
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4663

An important process that has been increasing in recent years in the oil avaliation and processing scenario is the vacuum distillation in which light and heavy gas oils and vacuum residue are generated as main products. This process is partly responsible for the adequacy of oil production to market demands since its products are used as feed for other important processes in the refining area, as thermal and catalytic cracking. The vacuum distillates percentage has a great importance from the standpoint of planning and production control, because if the market needs, for example, gasoline, about 40 to 50 % of gas oils from this process can be converted for this product by cracking. Any improvement in the efficiency of an oil refinery process may represent a significant savings or productivity increasing. In the particular case of vacuum distillation towers, if it is possible to increase the feed temperature, for example, the amount of vaporized atmospheric residue can also be increased; minimizing the vacuum reduced crude bottoms and increasing the amount of gas oil produced. It highlights the importance of researches in this area. Thus, this work aimed to assemble and implement a manual system of vacuum distillation of oil in LabPetro/UFES, operating in accordance with ASTM D 5236 standard. For such six oil samples with a wide API degree range were distilled, in which 3 had a known True Boiling Point curve provided by CENPES/PETROBRAS. These curves were used as reference in order to compare the data obtained by both laboratories. The results showed an agreement between the TBP curves from the distillations at LabPetro and CENPES, which was confirmed by using statistical tests. Therefore, it was assured the correct functioning of the assembled unit. The method of manual pycnometer, established by ASTM D 70, was a simple and accurate method for determining the density of petroleum vacuum distillation residues