Estudo de parâmetros nas reações de síntese enzimática de biodiesel por intermédio de fluídos supercríticos.

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Santos, José Cleiton Sousa dos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Processos químicos; Lipase; Biodiesel
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15766

Biodiesel production by enzymatic esterification reaction using supercritical fluids can be used for the synthesis of biofuel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational parameters of enzymatic synthesis in supercritical medium. The 1st step was the preparation of the biocatalyst by immobilization of lipase from Candida antarctica type B (Calb) by covalent bond using chitosan as support. In the immobilization procedure, it was the following as activating agents: glycidol, glutaraldehyde and ethylenediamine (EDA). The 2nd step was the measurement of hydrolysis of the immobilized enzyme, this was evaluated by hydrolysis of butyrate p.nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB). In order to determine the best operational conditions of the reacton, it was enzyme suport conducted a experimental design (2^3), in the following parameters: molar rather alcohol oil, temperature, and then the best result was obtained when using chitosan 5% (w/v) - glyoxyl -EDA-glutaraldehyde, of 18.95 U / g. In Step 3, we carried out the esterification reactions using oleic acid, ethanol and carbon dioxide as supercritical fluid. It should be noticed that the amount of oleic acid used in these reactions was constant, with 1 g of immobilized enzyme, corresponding to 10% by weight oleic acid. An experimental design was conducted to evaluate the operational conditions molar ratio, reaction time and temperature. The highest rate was 46.9% at a temperature of 29.9 °C, molar ratio ethanol: oleic acid equal to 4.50:1, and a reaction time of 6.50 hours. The temperature affected the conversion within the range studied. The parameter molar ratio alcohol: oleic acid in the intervals studied (2.5:1, 4.5:1, 6.5:1) showed that the values with the lowest ratio of molar ratio with the highest conversion rates. It was observed a lost of catalytic activity during the recycling procedure. Additionally, it should be mentioned that a low conversion of ethyl esters, might be solved with the use of zeolite to remove water from medium, once it believed that that the presence of water precludes the maximum conversion.