Deus ex machina: capital, tecnologia e a revolução 4.0 na educação brasileira

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Martins, Maria Artemis Ribeiro
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Capital (Economia); Educação - Efeito das inovações tecnológicas
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/57478

The present Thesis intends, in dialogue with Marx, to understand how Revolution 4.0 is related to capitalist reproduction, identifying its developments in Brazilian education. We start from the assumption that, under the prerogative of technological innovation, the formation of the Brazilian working population has adjusted to the current milestones of capitalist oppression and exploitation, expressed in the advent of the fourth industrial revolution. To guide this investigative path, we established the following specific objectives: a) to apprehend the nature of capital and the general process of capitalist reproduction; b) to identify the role of technology in the general reproduction of capital, and c) understand revolution 4.0 and its consequences on Brazilian education. It is a theoretical, documentary, and bibliographic research, built on the Marxian theoretical framework, whose methodological option follows the synthesis of multiple determinations that allow us to dialectical and historical materialism, therefore, our object will guide the entire path of this investigation. The research findings indicate that, as capital develops and becomes more complex as a social relationship, it invests more and more in technologies. These are transformed and expanded according to the demands of capitalist reproduction, at the same time that they promote this reproduction and the accumulation of capital. Such movement can be evidenced with the rapid growth of the technology industry that simplifies the capital cycle - increasing labor productivity (objectively and subjectively) and eliminating the barriers that stand in the time and space of its realization. Thus, in capitalism, the technologies exist to reduce circulation times, accelerate, and multiply rotation times. They do not have social needs as a reference for production, and for this reason, they are subject to the immeasurable capitalist production. In this light, the technology works as a deus ex machina, as it appears as a device of capital to circumvent the contradictions of its nature and the conflicts that interpose, on the surface of the social fabric, to capitalist reproduction, the antagonisms between capital and labor. Brazilian education has suffered a strong impact from the deliberations imposed by revolution 4.0, organized by the World Economic Forum, resulting in an education for the mass of working youth that does not correspond to their real needs. It has become insufficient training from the human point of view since it fragments individuals from their socio-historical totality and denies the development of physical and intellectual potentialities. Among the developments of the 4.0 revolution on Brazilian education, the homologation of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) and the reform of high school, implemented by Law No. 13,415 / 2017, stand out. In both measures, we verified elements that, from the point of view of capital, are quite assertive in aligning and reproducing the formation of the workforce according to the demands of industry 4.0, therefore, part of an educational agenda subservient to financial capital, transnational and digital.