Utilização dos aquíferos dunas e barreiras na região industrial do Pecém e (in)justiça ambiental nas comunidades tradicionais e indígenas

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Freitas, Anderson Nonato de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Justiça Ambiental; Aquífero; Água
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/54547

Water is fundamental for the development of humanity as an integral part of ecosystems and necessary for the maintenance of animal, plant and human life. The State of Ceará has a water deficit due to periods of drought, as well as the climatic influence of the semiarid region. In 2017, the State Government of Ceará started a project for drilling deep wells, with the objective of using water from the Pecém interdunar free aquifer and removing water from the water table, supplying the industries of the Pecém Industrial and Port Complex - CIPP. This work aimed to analyze the impacts that may occur due to the exploration of groundwater in the Dunas and Barreiras aquifers, which are located in the area of the Anacé indigenous territory. To carry out the study, the compartmentalization of the main environmental systems was analyzed and, based on COGERH's grant data, it was verified the volume of water that was granted and the withdrawal of water from the water table based on the value of the Reserve Renewable from the Dunas and Barreiras aquifers. The capture of water is carried out by drilling deep wells, however overexploiting the aquifer can lower it, reduce the availability of water and promote environmental impacts on the dynamics of coastal ecosystems. By reducing the level of water in the aquifer without effective recharge, it was possible to show risks of its salinization, as well as reducing its availability to the local population that uses artisanal wells and cacimbas, especially in sectors with less depth of the aquifer. The prognosis was a scenario of possible structural water collapses and related to the increase of hydro-intensive industries, climatic extremes, soil waterproofing and contamination by industrial and urban effluents. In view of the possibility of salinization of the aquifer and the consequent water insecurity of the population that uses underground water, it is necessary to rethink the use of water so that these peoples are not targets of environmental injustice.