Ensaios em economia internacional e interestadual

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Vale, Eleydiane Maria Gomes
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Comércio interestadual; Desigualdade salarial; Economia internacional; Equação gravitacional
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15189

Theories in International Trade are developed and empirically tested. This thesis aims to contribute with some of them. Initially, it will address the so-called Theory of Diversification Cones. Thus, the first chapter proposes to separate Brazilian states into two cones which have similarities in factor endowments. This will be accomplished through an SUR econometric model with eighteen manufacturing industries and two annual samples, in 1997 and 2007. Wage differences between the cones will also be measured with the same methodology. The Theory of Diversifiation Cones is renewed since there is horizontal differentiation between products. The second chapter develops an econometric model that outlines the effects of trade liberalization on wages of low and high-skilled workers. We used the theoretical framework of the Mincerian equation to incorporate characteristics of workers. This study aims to examine whether, given greater trade openness as well as other relevant factors, such that; experience, years of education, technological intensity of the sector to which it is used and the amount of hours worked, an increase in income of the industrial worker in the states of Northeast Brazil for the years of the sample. In addition, a dummy is inserted into the model with the aim to differentiate the workers employed in low and high-tech industries. There are evidences that export volume, hours, years of study and experience have a positive impact on the worker's return. Greater trade openness has a large positive influence on the wages of workers in industries analyzed. The final chapter presents a gravity model which will be applied for the purpose of studying the determinants of trade flows between the State of Ceará and other Brazilian states. This chapter turned its attention to the factors that influence the trade flow in the State of Ceará in other states of Brazil. Among these factors, the separation between the production centers was initially pointed as a factor that acts negatively influencing trade. The impact of the variables GDP and population size was also analyzed, and it was expected that both of them exert positive impact on trade flows.