Ensaios sobre pobreza e desigualdade nos meios urbano e rural do Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Helson Gomes de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pobreza; Desigualdade; Spillover Espacial; Painel Espacial
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/30623

The present study analyzes the relationship between poverty, growth and inequality and its effects on urban and rural environments in Brazil. To do so, the study is subdivided into two chapters, so that, in the first, it seeks to verify the existence of space overflows of poverty in the urban and rural areas of the Brazilian federation units. In addition, the first part of this study seeks to find the value of the sensitivity of poverty in urban and rural environments in Brazil in relation to changes in levels of economic growth and income inequality, including the effects of spatial proximity of states. In this sense a methodology was used to capture the neighborhood effect through the use of a spatial data panel. Thus, income elasticities and inequality of poverty and spatial overflow of poverty were calculated for the census situations studied. With the method used, it was verified that changes in growth and inequalities cause spatial overflows of the proportion of the poor in the urban environment, however, this behavior is non-existent in the Brazilian rural environment. By verifying the existence of spatial spillovers in the urban environment, the essay shows that measures to combat poverty in these areas should be applied nationally. Regarding the rural environment, the lack of spatial spillovers from the proportion of the poor allows the implementation of a public policy to combat rural poverty, both at the state and national levels. In the second chapter, we want to analyze the impacts of economic growth and income inequality on urban and rural poverty in the Brazilian states, considering the effects of the initial levels of development and inequality. In order to do so, the income elasticities and the inequality of poverty were calculated through a spatial dynamic panel. Among other conclusions, the results showed that poverty reduction occurs more intensely when associated with reductions in levels of inequality. It was also concluded that a public policy of combating poverty through economic growth or reduction of inequalities, applied to the urban or rural environment, will obtain greater results if applied with a longer duration.