A estrutura retórica de redações nota máxima do ENEM: uma análise funcionalista

• Ano de defesa: 2022
• Autor(a) principal: Cavalcante Filho, Luciano Araújo
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Funcionalismo; Teoria da Estrutura Retórica; Relações retóricas; Redação do ENEM
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/65113

Our paper, based on the Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), a theoretical current that investigates the textual organization through the analysis of a network of rhetorical relations described based on the communicative purposes of the speaker/producer of the text, as well as on the judgment he makes about his listener/reader, aims to describe the rhetorical structure of the ENEM essay takes place. Through the analysis of a corpus made up of 45 textual maximum score productions that discuss about 7 different themes applied in the ENEM tests between the years 2013 and 2019, all disseminated through the Cartilhas do Participante (BRASIL, 2016, 2017, 2018a, 2019 and 2020a), we seek to fulfill the general objective of our research, that is, to identify a pattern in the rhetorical structure of the top-grade essays in ENEM (2013-2019). In addition, we also seek to fulfill the following specific objectives: to elaborate and propose, based on the comparison of the proposals for the classification of rhetorical relationships and the analysis of essays with the highest score of ENEM (2013-2019), a theoretical framework of empirically observable relationships; to analyze the way in which the Compositional Rhetorical Units are articulated with each other to build the rhetorical structure of ENEM's top grade newsrooms (2013-2019); to describe the internal organization of the paragraphs that make up each of the Compositional Rhetorical Units of ENEM's top grade essays (2013-2019); to verify which rhetorical relations emerge most frequently between the portions that are part of the ENEM (2013-2019) top-grade essays analyzed;. As results of this thesis, we were able to identify that, regarding the articulation between the textual portions corresponding to the Introduction and Developmental Rhetorical Units (URCs), the rhetorical relationship of EVIDENCE predominated in 43 newsrooms (96%), occurrences in which we interpret the introductory URC as the nuclear portion and, consequently, the development URC as the satellite. We also found that the concluding URC was linked to the rest of the text through the rhetorical relationship of INTERVENTION in 43 newsrooms (96%), which confirms that this URC is the preferred portion for the presentation of the intervention proposal, item mandatory according to the ENEM assessment requirements. Internally, the URCs are organized by means of paragraphs structured differently due to the functions they perform in the text. These results, together, configure a rhetorical structure of high-grade ENEM essays.