Extração e identificação de compostos voláteis atraentes para fêmeas de Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae)

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Aquino, Nathaly Costa de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso embargado
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Alagoas; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia - RENORBIO; UFAL
• Palavras-chave em Português: Atrativos sexuais; Anastrepha obliqua; Mosca-das-frutas; Frutas - Cultivo; Controle de pragas; Feromônio; Sexual attractions; Fruit Fly; Fruits - Cultivation; Pest control; Pheromone; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA::QUIMICA ORGANICA
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/5591

The fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) is a species of economic importance, causing great damages to fruit growing, which are generated during an oviposition made by females, causing depreciation, premature fall and making the fruit unfeasible for trade and industry. The main technique used to monitor and control these insects is the use of traps containing food attractants or toxic baits; however, the inefficiency and non-viability of these techniques demonstrate the need to find an alternative approach for the management of these insects. In this scenario, appears a suitable strategy the so called behavioural control, which uses semiochemicals for attraction and capture of insect pests. These substances are produced by the target insect, being released in extremely small amounts. There are records of attractive products, such as food and pheromones, for fruit flies of different species at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), but to date, there are no records on patent bases referring to attractants for A. obliqua females generated from formulations based on volatile compounds released by conspecific males (sex pheromone) and those emitted by guava, carambola and mango. For this purpose, two analytical techniques, Gas Chromatography coupled to Electroanthenography (CG-EAG) and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG-MS) were used to identify the electrophysiologically active components. Based on these results behavioral bioassays were later performed. The analyzes revealed the active EAD compounds in the different extracts. In the extract containing the volatiles released by males 5 bioactive compounds were identified, namely 1-heptanol, linalool, (Z) -3-nonen-1-ol, (E, Z) -3,6-nonadien-1-ol and α-farnesene. Five bioactive compounds, ethyl butyrate, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene and β-caryophyllene were also identified in the guava extract. In the starfruit extract, four bioactive compounds, β-myrcene, linalool, ocimene and ethyl octanoate were found, and in the extract of mango, α-pinene, β-myrcene, camphene and sabinene were identified as bioactive compounds. The results also revealed common compounds in extracts of these host fruits and the pheromone mixture released by conspecific males. Therefore, formulations containing mixtures of bioactive compounds were prepared and tested in behavioural bioassays performed under laboratory conditions. Among the formulations tested, similar attractiveness for all mixtures of EAD active compounds found in the male sex pheromone. Regarding the formulations based on EAD active compounds from host fruits, different results were obtained for each fruit studied. For instance, the formulations mixtures named M1G, M2G, M3G, M4G were as attractive as the guava extract and the M6G blend was more attractive than the extract. Regarding the formulation mixtures, based on starfruit bioactive compounds, labelled as M1C, M2C, M3C and M4M, those were as attractive as the starfruit extract. The formulated mixtures M2M, M3M, M4M and M5M derived from mango extract were as attractive as the fruit extract. However, the mixture M1M was more attractive than the mango extract. The results of assays using formulations containing mixtures of compounds common to male sex pheromone and host fruit extracts show that all formulations containing bioactive compounds from guava and mango extracts compounds were as attractive as the respective extracts. Two formulated mixtures, M3FC and M4FC derived from starfruit elicited as much attractiveness as the starfruit extract. On the other hand, the formulated mixtures labelled as M1FC and M2FC trigger higher attractiveness than the starfruit extract. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the attractive formulations for A. obliqua females, reported in the present study, present great potential to be employed in strategies to control this pest in infested orchards.