Diversidade de espécies aumenta a renda em sistemas agroflorestais na Amazônia Oriental

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Cardozo, Ernesto Gomez
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: UEMA; Brasil; Campus São Luis Centro de Ciências Agrárias – CCA; Centro de Ciências Agrárias; PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGROECOLOGIA
• Palavras-chave em Português: Agroflorestas comerciais; Agricultura de subsistência; Quintais; Capoeira enriquecida; Pasto com babaçu; Renda não monetária; Biodiversidade; Quintais enriquecidos; Quintais multi-estratos; Corte e queima; Ecossistêmicos; Commercial agroforestry; Subsistence farming; Backyards; Capoeira enriched; Babassu pasture; Non-monetary income; Biodiversity; Enriched backyards; Multi-stratum backyards; Slash and burn; Ecosystems; CAPES
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uema.br/handle/123456789/303

This study compares biodiversity and socioeconomic performance of a wide range of agroforestry systems. We quantified (i) agroforestry species diversity (commercial, subsistence and „non-productive‟ species), and (ii) key socioeconomic variables (costs, monetary and non-monetary income, net income, degree of satisfaction) in 38 farms, aggregated in 4 site-clusters in the eastern periphery of Amazonia. We cover a wide range of agroforestry systems, ranging from commercial to subsistence, and from simply-structured plantations developed by Japanese immigrants to complex and biodiverse systems (enriched fallows and multi-strata homegardens), and compare these with the region´s two predominating landuse systems, pastures with babassu palms (dominating in area) and slash-and-burn shifting cultivation (dominating in people). Landuse-intensity (costs and income per hectare) were highest in commercial plantation agroforestry and in subsistence homegardens, and lowest in enriched fallows and pastures. All agroforestry systems resulted in higher income:cost ratios and a higher degree of satisfaction than pastures and shifting cultivation. Non-monetary income and the income:cost ratio were highest in small homegardens, a system which so far lacks systematic Research & Development and extension efforts. Total species richness was negatively related both with costs and monetary, but not with non-monetary income per hectare, due to occupation of space by „non-productive‟ species which provide important ecosystem services. The number of productive species was positively related to (mainly non-monetary) income, net-income and especially the income:cost ratio. Future efforts for food security and poverty reduction need to focus more on species rich agroforestry systems, notably the ubiquitary and successful homegardens