Intensidade de pastejo e desempenho radicular do capim convert HD364 na relação com a resistência do solo à penetração

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Sanches, Renan
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; Departamento de Zootecnia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia; UEM; Maringá, PR; Centro de Ciências Agrárias
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pastagens; Produção; Brachiaria (capim); Capim convert HD 364; Desempenho radicular; Bovinos; Pastejo; Mulato II; Biomassa radicular; Lotação continua; Geometria radicular; Resistência à penetração; Brasil.; Convert HD 364; Root biomass; Continuous stocking; Root geometry; Soil resistance to penetration; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Zootecnia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1766

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different grazing intensities (15, 25, 35 and 45 cm of sward heights) on the production characteristics, distribution and root geometry along the soil profile (zero to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30 and 30 to 40 cm of depth) in areas managed with Convert HD 364 grass (Brachiaria spp., Mulato II grass), and the soil resistance to penetration, at the four seasons of the year 2016. For the management of heights, two subsequent groups of Nelore cattle were used. The first entire group and the second castrated group were managed under continuous stocking and variable stocking rates. The experimental area was 16 paddocks of one hectare each. To estimate root production, samples were collected from all treatments each three months. The root geometry values were determined using the software DELTA T SCAN®. The values of soil resistance to penetration were obtained at the summer, intermediate period between autumn and winter, and spring, through the methodologies described by Embrapa. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in split-splot and slipt-sliptslopt plots, with four replications. The total root biomass ranged from 1.71 to 2.82 g dm-3, with the lowest yields found on 15 cm and the highest at 45 cm in the sward. The ratio of total forage mass to total root biomass remained constant regardless of sward height, however, between the seasons of the year the values were between 0.67 and 1.65 g dm-3 with the highest summer values. The highest rates of root biomass were verified in the superficial layers of the soil (zero to 20 cm of depth), with values between 55 to 75 % of dry matter of the roots in the layer of zero to 10 cm of soil depth and 13 to 20 % dry matter of the roots in the layer of 10 to 20 cm deep in the soil, and the lowest values found in the deepest layers of the soil (20 to 40 cm), being 6 to 15 % of dry matter of the roots in the layer of 20 to 30 cm of depth, and 6 to 10 % of dry matter of roots in the layer of 30 to 40 cm of soil depth. The lowest amount of root biomass in the zero to 10 cm layer was found at summer compared to the other seasons, with values between 2192 and 6110 kg ha-1 of root dry matter. The penetration resistance ranged from 0.70 to 1.60 MPa and it did not differ between grazing intensities. The largest observations were found in the most superficial layers of the soil (zero to 10 cm deep). The root area was between 141 and 3046 mm2 mm-2, with the highest values in the layer of zero to 10 cm of depth during the spring and the smaller ones in the layer of 30 to 40 cm of depth during the summer. The root diameter ranged from 0.25 to 0.32 mm mm-1 with the lowest observations at the lower management heights in the summer, while the largest were observed in the pastures maintained at higher sward heights at other times of the year. For the root length the values were between 530 and 10015 mm mm-1, with the highest averages found in the most superficial layer of the soil (zero to 10 cm deep), while the lowest were in the deepest layer of the soil (30 to 40 cm depth) during the summer. The root densities varied between 0.39 and 8.77 mm cm-3, the lowest values were in the 30 to 40 cm depth layer at the summer, while the highest were in the zero to 10 depth layer at the spring. There was a quadratic correlation between soil resistance to penetration for root area and root length. A negative linear correlation was verified between root density and soil resistance to penetration.