Análise dos impactos ambientais da cadeia têxtil do algodão no espaço urbano-industrial : uma aplicação da avaliação do ciclo de vida

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, Priscila Pasti
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; Departamento de Engenharia Civil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Urbana; UEM; Maringá, PR; Centro de Tecnologia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV),; Algodão; Impactos ambientais; Software Simapro 7; Brasil.; Life cycle assessment (LCA),; Cotton; Environmental impacts; SimaPro 7 software Brazil.; Engenharias; Engenharia Civil
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/3538

Currently one of the paradigms is the environmental issue, especially in the industrial sector. The production process of cotton has a high pollution potential, from the attainment of the raw material to final disposal of their products. Aiming to contribute to sustainable development was developed Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). This environmental management tool allows to evaluate the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product or process, analyzing various stages ranging from the extraction of raw materials of nature (birth), to the provision of the final product on the environment (grave).The period of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is one of the most important for the interpretation of LCA results. It is performed through the use of assessment methods, which consider the environmental impacts global and/or relatives for specific regions. One of the most current method is the RECIPE successor method Eco-indicator 99 and CML-AI that in this study was used in conjunction with the method CED (cumulative energy demand). Such methods using steps weight distributions that result in a number indicator of environmental impact of a product or process based on data of an cycle life analysis. For these calculations were used the computer program Simapro 7.3, a professional tool able to model and analyze complex life cycles, in a systematic and transparent way. The main objective of this study was the use of LCA tool for performing a diagnostic of the environmental impacts of part of the cotton textile chain, involving the steps of planting and cotton ginning and spinning. It was followed then the methodology of LCA using the software Simapro 7.3. As a result we obtained the LCA part of the cotton textile chain in Brazil, hence the inventory process in question adapted to Brazilian reality. For analysis of the inventory was used methods RECIPE midpoint and CED. The results obtained by the method RECIPE demonstrated that obtaining the raw material: cotton feather (MP) who has the greatest potential for significant amounts of impact. In the relative contribution of cumulative energy demand, also the step of obtaining MP was the largest contributor to the impacts in the category of non-renewable fossil energy resources, while electricity had the highest percentage impact in the category of renewable energy resources ? water. The work reached an estimated first match, not neglecting the study's limitations. These limitations relating to the database, usually international adapted to the maximum Brazilian conditions.