Influência dos lipídios da ração sobre o desenvolvimeno ósseo e sua composição lipídica em frangos de corte

• Ano de defesa: 2006
• Autor(a) principal: Garcia, Elis Regina de Moraes
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia; UEM; Maringá, PR; Centro de Ciências Agrária
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ácidos graxos; Ômega-3; Ômega-6; Aves; Composição mineral; Frangos de corte; Óleo de linhaça; Parâmetros ósseos; Prostaglandina E2; Maringá; Paraná; Brasil.; Fatty acids; Omega-3; Omega-6; Birds; Mineral composition; Broilers; Linseed oil; Bone parameters; Prostaglandin E2; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Zootecnia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1577

Two trials were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Maringá State University to evaluate performance, bone parameters, mineral composition, fatty acid profile and PGE2 concentration in tibia and femur of broiler chickens fed with oil sources riches in omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, during the period of 1 to 42 days of age. In the first trial a completely randomized design was used with five treatments, six replicates and 50 birds per experimental unit, where the birds received diets formulated with different oil sources: soybean (SO), sunflower (SNO), rapeseed (RO), linseed (LO) and poultry offal (PO) in starting phase (1 to 21 days). At growing phase (22 to 42 days) each treatment used in starting phase was divided into two treatments, so that a group of birds continued to receive the same oil source used in the previous phase and other group started to receive SO in the diet. Therefore, in this phase nine treatments, three replicates and 44 birds per experimental unit were used, also in a completely randomized design. In the period of 1 to 7 days of age it was observed a positive effect (P<0.05) of LO addition on weight gain and final weight of birds when compared with those that received SO. To 1 to 14 days, 1 to 21 days and growing phases no effects (P>0.05) were observed among different treatments on broilers performance. There was no difference among treatments (P>0.05) to bone parameters; however, these variables were affected (P<0.05) by age. In starting phase, ash concentration (g and %) was higher (P<0.05) to birds that received OL in diets, however, this effect was not observed (P>0.05) in growing phase. At starting phase the birds fed with LO showed highest linolenic (18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3) and docohexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids concentration in bone, while the highest levels of linoleic (18:2n-6) and arachidonic (20:4n-6) acids was obtained for OG, at 21 days. In growing period, birds that kept receiving similar treatments used in starting phase and those which started receiving SO in diets had a bone fatty acid profile similar to diets. However, the concentration of omega 3 fatty acids in tibia of birds fed with LO reduced xxii with birds. age, demonstrating that the lipid incorporation in tissue depends of its need, considering that in this phase the bone growth is slower. In starting phase, PGE2 concentration was reduced to treatment based on LO in comparison to SNO, RO and PO at 21 days. In growing phase there was not influence of treatments on this variable. It was concluded that the LO use in broilers diets can be benefical for performance and bone mineralization in starting phase. Besides that diet lipid composition is reflected in bones and oil sources rich in omega 3 fatty acids were capable to reduce PGE2 concentration in broiler chickens bone cells, reducing problems related to bone formation in broiler chickens. In the second trial a completely randomized design was used with five treatments, six replicates and 50 birds per experimental unit, and birds received diets formulated with different LO levels (2.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 6.5%) at initial and growing phase (1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days of age, respectively). It was observed a linear effect (P<0.05) of the oil addition on absolute diameter and length of tibia and femur, however, just the femur absolute weight was influenced by diets oil inclusion. The data revealed interaction between age and LO levels (P<0.05) to Seedor index demonstrating that positive and negative effects of the highest LO levels observed for femur and tibia were enhanced at the end of growing phase. Growth and quality parameters of femur and tibia had a cubic behavior (P<0.05) in function of age. The ash weight of femur was positively influenced (P<0.05) by diets OL addition in all evaluated ages. Similar results were observed to ash concentration; however, the best results were evidenced after 28th day of age. The bone strength was not influenced (P>0.05) by different treatments, showing a cubic behavior in function of age, however, with the increase of diets LO level a linear improvement was observed in bone mineral density in all analyzed ages. At the period of 1 to 42 days of age, it was observed that diets fatty acid profile reflected on bones fatty acid profile. The arachidonic acid, EPA, DPA and DHA concentrations reduced (P>0.05) in bone cells with the advancing of birds age, however, that effect was less intense with diets linseed oil addition. The bone PGE2 concentration was not influenced by evaluated treatments, to 21 and 42 days of age. It was concluded that diets with 6.5% LO are benefical for growth and mineralization of long bones broilers chicken and that the addition of 4.0% of linseed oil to diets was effective to enhance incorporation of omega 3 chain long fatty acid in bone broiler chickens, to the period of 1 to 42 days.