Óleo de linhaça com adição de própolis e vitamina E na alimentação de vacas leiteiras e a qualidade do leite na redução de distúrbios metabólicos em ratos diabéticos e obesos

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Yoshimura, Emerson Henri
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia; UEM; Maringá, PR; Centro de Ciências Agrárias
• Palavras-chave em Português: Alimentos funcionais; Bacterias ruminais; Diabetes; Omega-3; Protozoários; Brasil.; Functional food; Protozoa; Ruminal bacteria; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Zootecnia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1579

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of diets with flaxseed oil with propolis associated or not with vitamin E on microbiology and ruminal parameters, and the functionality of milk in the prevention of metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity. The first experiment evaluated parameters of intake, ruminal digestibility, ruminal fermentation, protozoa population fermentation and ruminal bacteria. Four Holstein cows were used, with average weight of 584 ± 52 kg, cannulated in the rumen and distributed in 4 × 4 Latin square. The treatments were: 1) control diet (CON), 2) diet with flaxseed oil, 25 g/kg DM (OL), 3) diet with flaxseed oil + propolis extract, 1.2 g/kg DM (PROP), 4) diet with flaxseed oil + propolis extract + vitamin E, 375 IU/kg DM (PROP-E). The supply of flaxseed oil to the diet reduced the count score of Entodinium (P=0.097) and the total count of total protozoa (P=0.092). Flaxseed oil improved a increased concentration of Butirivibrio fibrisolvens (P=0.008) and reduced the population of Anaerovibrio lipolytica (P<0.001) and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium (P=0.013). In general, propolis extract and vitamin E have not been proved as antimicrobial and antioxidant additives, respectively, on ruminal microflora, because did not change the studied parameters. The second and third experiment evaluated the functionality of the milk obtained, with increased concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants in diabetic and obese rats. In the second experiment thirtytwo rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (CON), whole milk (LCOM), PUFA-enriched milk (L-APGI), milk enriched with PUFA and antioxidants (LAGPI/ A). The milk supplementation obtained in the first experiment with dose of 0.005 ml/g body weight was carried out for 77 days, 42 days before and 35 days after induction of diabetes. Milk reduced blood glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test at 0, 5, 15, 60 minutes, and the average glycemia (P=0.04) and area under the curve (P=0.05). The milk also reduced plasma concentration of fructosamine (P=0.01) and increased the amount of brown adipose tissue (P=0.007). The L-AGPI group reduced fasting plasma glucose (P=0.086), significantly reduced LDL cholesterol (P=0.008) and increased total antioxidant capacity (P=0.001) in the blood. In the third experiment thirty-two obese mice were distributed in four experimental groups similar to the previous experiment. Milk supplementation with the same dose was carried out for 85 days. Milk supplementation reduced the diameter of adipocytes (P=0.068) and reduced the insulin resistance (P=0.002) and increased the glucose disappearance rate (P=0.002). The L-PUFA/A group resulted in an increased deposition of muscle mass (P=0.030), lower mesenteric fat (P = 0.037), and lower plasmatic levels of LDL (P = 0.076). The whole milk and milk naturally enriched with PUFA proved its functionality, since improved important parameters in the control of metabolic disorders caused by diabetes and obesity.