Desempenho agronômico, composição química e qualidade de sementes de soja no noroeste do Paraná

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, Mauro Cezar
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Brasil; UEM; Maringá, PR; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Soja (Glycine max.); Rendimento de grãos; Qualidade das sementes; Sementes; Teor de óleo e proteína; Maturação das sementes; Isoflavonas; Concentração; Arenito Caiuá; Umuarama; Paraná (Estado); Maringá; Brasil.; Glycine max, maturity, yield, Sandstone caiuá, vigor, isoflavone; Paraná; State; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Agronomia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1124

Soybean is one of the most important products in the Brazilian economy being the main source of proteins and vegetable oil of high quality. Besides being considered a complete food, it is categorized as a functional food because of the properties of its bioactive compounds, which include isoflavones. The antioxidant activity of isoflavones may be considered a guarantee mechanism for the seeds quality, by the loss of the action of free radicals in the cell membrane, due to the deterioration theory. The objectives of this work were: to evaluate the agronomic performance and yield components of soybean cultivars production at two sowing locations and two harvest times; the content of oil and protein of the cultivars seeds submitted to the retardation of harvest in two locations; and the content of isoflavones, the physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds from soybean cultivars during the maturation and fifteen days after the harvest time in two different sowing locations. Experiments were installed in the first half of November in Maringá and Umuarama in the northwestern Paraná State, during two harvest dates (R8 and R8 + 15 days) and two agricultural years (2009/2010 and 2010/2011). The evaluated cultivars were Embrapa 48, BRS 282, BRS 255 RR, BRS 246 RR, BRS 257 and BRS 232; under a randomized block design, with four replications. The agronomic characteristics determined were: plant height, height of insertion of the first pods, number of pods per plant, grain yield, and weight of hundred grains. The concentration of oil and protein, the physiological seed quality were evaluated using the germination tests, first count of germination test, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging, and the sanitary quality through the filter paper method or "blotter test". We also determined the levels of total isoflavones. The data collected were submitted to joint variance analysis and accomplished the unfolding of the interactions. Based on the results we can infer that: The grain yield was superior in the first harvest season, standing out the cultivars BRS 232, BRS 255 and BRS 282 RR. The plant height, height of first pod insertion, number of pods per plant, grain weight and yield are negatively influenced by the effect of the year for the locations studied. The cultivars sown in Maringá were superior in relation to agronomic characteristics and to the production components, in comparison to Umuarama. Soybean cultivation in Maringá's region provides higher oil content in grain in relation to the cultivation in Umuarama's region. Soybean production in Umuarama's region provides higher protein content in grains in relation to Maringá's region production. The oil and protein content did not change with 15 days of harvest retardation. The physiological and sanitary quality, and isoflavone concentration of seeds is strongly influenced by the interaction between cultivars, location, harvest time, and crop year. Maringá's region provides greater physiological quality, lower microorganisms incidence, and higher concentration of total isoflavones in soybean seeds, when compared to Umuarama. The first harvest season propitiates the best physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds for the locations, years and cultivars studied. The BRS 257 cultivar stands out with the highest concentration of total isoflavones in Maringá, for the years and harvest times evaluated.