Efeito do treinamento de força sobre a resposta da pressão arterial em idosas hipertensas e normotensas: influência da responsividade

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Nascimento, Dahan da Cunha
• Orientador(a): Prestes, Jonato
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Católica de Brasília
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa Stricto Sensu em Educação Física
• Departamento: Escola de Saúde e Medicina
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Exercício; Hipertensão; Envelhecimento; Responsividade; Treinamento de força
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Resistance training; Responsiveness; Hypertension; Exercise; Aging
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA
• Resumo em Inglês: Hypertension is a prevalent disease in older adults and is associated with increased incidence of coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure events. Despite the beneficial effects of resistance training (RT) for the prevention and reduction of blood pressure (BP), reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) will occur for subjects who show exceptionally large responses to training when compared with individuals who show small responses to training. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify the variability of BP response to 10- week RT program in hypertensive and normotensive elderly women. The second aim of this study was to present statistical procedures for a better data interpretation of responsiveness, explain how to deal with regression to the mean effect (RTM), and describe how to determine clinically important changes in BP from significant real difference (SRD). Twenty-seven untrained hypertensive (age = 68,37 ± 5,55 years; height = 1,55 ± 0,05 m; BMI = 27,94 ± 3,65 kg/m²) and 12 normotensive women (age = 70,00 ± 7,41 years; height = 1,56 ± 0,06 m; BMI = 27,34 ± 5,20 kg/m²) participated in the present study. The RT consisted of a periodized linear model. The exercises performed were: machine leg press, machine chest press, machine leg extension, machine low row, and machine leg curl. The number of repetitions were reduced (maintaining the minimal zone established for each cycle) as the intensity increased. The responsiveness of resting SBP was determined based on the percent decline between the pre- and post-training time points or mesocycles T1 and T4. The term responders was used to describe subjects who exhibited a percent SBP decline ≥ -2.58% and the term non-responders for subjects who exhibited a percent SBP decline < -2.58%, respectively. Both the responders and nonresponders in the hypertensive group presented significant changes in SBP (- 7.83 ± 5.70 mmHg vs. 3.78 ± 7.42 mmHg), respectively. Moreover, the responders and non-responders in the normotensive group presented significant changes in SBP as well (-8.58 ± 5.52 mmHg vs. 5.71 ± 3.84 mmHg). Furthermore, statistical analyses were performed using One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), linear mixed model (LMM), and SRD was also calculated. The results confirmed that initial SBP was the more powerful predictor of post-exercise SBP response, as analyzed by the ANCOVA and LMM. In conclusion, SBP presents a heterogeneous response to a controlled RT program in hypertensive and normotensive elderly women. For the second aim of this study, the importance of incorporating SRD and RTM analysis to determine what should be clinically important from what is known as the error of measurement and to provide a better interpretation of the results was confirmed.
• Link de acesso: https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2543

Hypertension is a prevalent disease in older adults and is associated with increased incidence of coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure events. Despite the beneficial effects of resistance training (RT) for the prevention and reduction of blood pressure (BP), reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) will occur for subjects who show exceptionally large responses to training when compared with individuals who show small responses to training. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify the variability of BP response to 10- week RT program in hypertensive and normotensive elderly women. The second aim of this study was to present statistical procedures for a better data interpretation of responsiveness, explain how to deal with regression to the mean effect (RTM), and describe how to determine clinically important changes in BP from significant real difference (SRD). Twenty-seven untrained hypertensive (age = 68,37 ± 5,55 years; height = 1,55 ± 0,05 m; BMI = 27,94 ± 3,65 kg/m²) and 12 normotensive women (age = 70,00 ± 7,41 years; height = 1,56 ± 0,06 m; BMI = 27,34 ± 5,20 kg/m²) participated in the present study. The RT consisted of a periodized linear model. The exercises performed were: machine leg press, machine chest press, machine leg extension, machine low row, and machine leg curl. The number of repetitions were reduced (maintaining the minimal zone established for each cycle) as the intensity increased. The responsiveness of resting SBP was determined based on the percent decline between the pre- and post-training time points or mesocycles T1 and T4. The term responders was used to describe subjects who exhibited a percent SBP decline ≥ -2.58% and the term non-responders for subjects who exhibited a percent SBP decline < -2.58%, respectively. Both the responders and nonresponders in the hypertensive group presented significant changes in SBP (- 7.83 ± 5.70 mmHg vs. 3.78 ± 7.42 mmHg), respectively. Moreover, the responders and non-responders in the normotensive group presented significant changes in SBP as well (-8.58 ± 5.52 mmHg vs. 5.71 ± 3.84 mmHg). Furthermore, statistical analyses were performed using One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), linear mixed model (LMM), and SRD was also calculated. The results confirmed that initial SBP was the more powerful predictor of post-exercise SBP response, as analyzed by the ANCOVA and LMM. In conclusion, SBP presents a heterogeneous response to a controlled RT program in hypertensive and normotensive elderly women. For the second aim of this study, the importance of incorporating SRD and RTM analysis to determine what should be clinically important from what is known as the error of measurement and to provide a better interpretation of the results was confirmed.